تاثیر بنزیل آدنین بر کربوهیدرات‌های غیر ساختاری و محلول در آب در سبز فرش فستوکای بلند تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 کارشناس آزمایشگاه‌های گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کاربرد سایتوکنین خارجی بر روی برگ‌ سبزفرش‌ها و اثر آن در تعدیل تنش خشکی به شکل خیلی محدود گزارش شده است که با بهبود مقاومت به خشکی همراه بوده است. اما اثر بنزیل‌آدنین در محتوای کل کربوهیدرات‌های غیر ساختاری و کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب برگ سبز فرش ‌فستوکای‌بلند (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. ) تحت شدت‌های مختلف تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است که از جمله اهداف ما در این آزمایش است.
مواد و روش‌ها: یک دوره تنش یک ماهه بر روی گونه فستوکای‌بلند که به صورت همگروهی تکثیر و طی یکسال در گلخانه مستقر گردید به صورت طرح کامل تصادفی با حداقل سه تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که شامل تیمارهای آبیاری در چهار سطح (100%، 75%،50% و 25% ظرفیت مزرعه) بود و برروی تیمار‌های ذکر شده محلول پاشی برگی 50 میکرومولار بنزیل‌آدنین با فاصله هر 7 روز یکبار انجام شد. در نمونه های شاهد تحت تنش خشکی، برای مقایسه، محلول پاشی با بنزیل آدنین صورت نگرفت.
یافته ها: تیمار با بنزیل‌آدنین تنش شدید 25% ظرفیت مزرعه را به شکل جالبی تعدیل نمود و منجر‌به بازگشت مشهود برگ‌ها به حالت عادی رشد شد. بررسی کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب (WSCs) نشان از افزایش چندین برابری نسبت به شاهد دارد که این افزایش محتوای کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب در تنش 50% و 25% ظرفیت مزرعه نسبت به دیگر تیمارها مشهودتر است. محلول‌پاشی با بنزیل‌آدنین اگرچه که این افزایش تولید قند‌های محلول را به سطح مشاهده شده در شاهد نرساند اما محتوای کربوهیدرات‌های محلول در آب را به نصف مقدار تولید شده نسبت به تنش خشکی 50% و 25% ظرفیت مزرعه بدون محلول‌پاشی کاهش داد. تنش خشکی باعث کاهش میزان کلروفیل و نشاسته ذخیره‌ای برگ شد. این کاهش کلروفیل در تیمار 25% ظرفیت مزرعه، به شکل معنی داری در گیاهان تحت تنش که با 50 میکرومولار بنزیل آدنین تیمار شده بودند جبران شد. فعالیت آنزیم‌های آلفا و بتا آمیلاز برگ با شروع تنش خشکی و محلول‌پاشی بنزیل‌آدنین در مقایسه با شاهد به صورت معنی‌داری افزایش و سپس کاهش یافت.
نتیجه گیری: کاهش شدید محتوای آب خاک و سپس آب گیاه منجر به فعال شدن آنزیم‌های تجزیه کننده نشاسته و افزایش در کربوهیدرات های محلول در آب می‌شود که هم به حفظ هموستازی سلول برگ کمک کرده و هم با فراهم نمودن ATP به تحمل بیشتر گیاه به تنش خشکی کمک خواهد نمود. قسمتی از این تجزیه نشاسته به وسیله افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌های آلفا و بتا آمیلاز در برگ قابل توجیه خواهد بود. کاربرد 50 میکرومولار بنزیل‌آدنین به شکل معنی‌داری از شدت تنش وارد شده به گیاه کاست. این تیمار باعث احیاء کلروفیل برگ و بهبود فتوسنتز در تنش 25% ظرفیت ‌زراعی شد و از تجزیه بیشتر نشاسته و تبدیل شدن آن به فروکتوز، گلوکز و ساکارز کاست تا بدین صورت گیاه منابع کربوهیدراتی خود را حفظ نماید.
کلید واژه‌ها: سایتوکنین، فستوکای بلند، کربوهیدرات های محلول در آب، مقاومت به خشکی.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of 6-Benzyladenine on total nonstructural carbohydrates and water-soluble carbohydrates of tall fescue leaves subjected to drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Rezaei ghaleh 1
  • Mostafa Khoshhal Sarmast 2
  • Sadegh Atashi 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, Iran,
3 Laboratory Expert, Dept. of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: The effects of external application of cytokinins on turfgrass leaves and their effects on mitigation of drought stress have been reported in a few studies. However, the effect of benzyl adenine on the content of non-total structural carbohydrates and water-soluble carbohydrates of tall fescue leaves ( Festuca arundinacea Scherb.) has never been investigated under different drought stresses regime, which is our goals in this experiment.
Material and methods: A one-month study on tall fescue that was clonally propagated and established in greenhouse laid out based on completely randomized design with at least three replications including four levels of irrigation treatments (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity). In addition to the aforesaid treatments, pots with the same irrigation treatments, foliar sprayed by 50 µM of 6-benzyladenine every 7 days. For comparison, in drought stressed control plants, foliar application of 6-benzyladenine did not applied.
Results: Plants grown on 25% of field capacity was surprisingly influenced by foliar application of benzyl adenine as such noticeable return of leaves to normal growth condition was seen. Looking into water-soluble carbohydrates showed a many fold increase compared to control plants. This water-soluble carbohydrates increase at 50% and 25% of field capacity is much more noticeable than the other treatments. Although foliar treatment with benzyl adenine did not reduce the increase in soluble sugars production to the level of control plants, but BA-influenced WSCs content reduced by half in 50% and 25% of field capacity treatment. Drought stress has reduced chlorophyll content and leaf Starch. This chlorophyll reduction at 25% of FC, to great extent compensated with 50 50 µM of 6-benzyladenine . The activity of α-amylase and β-amylase augmented upon drought stress treatment in 75% of FC followed by reduction in 50% and 25% of FC.
Conclusion: A drastic reduction in soil water content and then plant water can activate starch-degrading enzymes, leading to an increase in water-soluble carbohydrates which could either maintain leaf cell homeostasis or produce more ATP to help with drought stress tolerance. A part of starch degradation in leaves can be explained by α-amylase and β-amylase activity. The research result indicated that application of 50 μM benzyl adenine significantly reduced the stress intensity applied to the plant. This treatment, to great extent improved chlorophyll content and photosynthesis at 25% of FC and reduced further starch degradation and its conversion to fructose, glucose and sucrose, thereby preserving the plant's carbohydrate resources.
Key words: Cytokinin, Drought stress, Tall fescue, Water soluble carbohydrates

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cytokinin
  • Drought stress
  • Tall fescue
  • Water soluble carbohydrates

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 215-231

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