ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی و صفات فیتو شیمیایی کدو طبی(Cucurbita pepo Var.striaca) تحت تیمار‌های کودهای آلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 کارشناس آزمایشگاه‌های گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

گسترش روز افزون استفاده از گیاهان دارویی تولید انبوه این گیاهان با استفاده از حداقل کاربرد نهاده‌های شیمیایی را ضروری ساخته است. در سال‌های اخیر، مطالعه و ارزیابی واکنش گیاهان دارویی به کاربرد کودهای آلی و بیولوژیک، جایگاه ویژه‌ای را در تحقیقات، به خود اختصاص داده است. کدوی پوست کاغذی (Cucurbita pepo Var.striaca) یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان دارویی بوده که به علت کیفیت بالای روغن، علاوه بر مصرف خوراکی جنبه درمانی نیز دارد، بنابراین اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ با ﻫﺪف ارزیابی عملکرد کمی و کیفی کدو پوست کاغذی تحت تیمارهای کود زیستی انجام شد.
مواد و روش:
این آزمایش به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در 4 تکرار در سال 1396 انجام شد. تیمار‌ها شامل: اسید فولویک (در 2 سطح 2، 4 میلی‌لیتر)، چای کمپوست (در 2 سطح 20، 10 میلی‌لیتر)، لیگنین (در 2 سطح 0.2، 0.4 گرم) و تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف کود زیستی) بود. در این آزمایش صفاتی نظیر فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، آنتی‌اکسیدان کل، درصد روغن، اسید چرب آزاد، لینولوئیک اسید، اولئیک اسید، پروتئین، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک در کدو تخم کاغذی اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS صورت گرفت. مقایسه میانگین‌ داده‌ها نیز توسط آزمون LSD انجام گرفت.
یافته‌ها:
نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اثر تیمار‌های آزمایش بر صفات فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، آنتی‌اکسیدان کل، درصد روغن اسید، چرب آزاد ، لینولئیک اسید، اولئیک اسید، پروتئین و صفات کمی کدو طبی در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش تیمار‌های شاهد و کاربرد لیگنین نسبت به تیمار‌های چای کمپوست و اسید فولویک دارای آنتی‌اکسیدان، فنل و فلاونوئید کل بیشتری می‌باشند. همچنین بر خلاف فنل و فلاونوئید کل بیشترین مقدار برای درصد روغن، اسید اولئیک و اسید لینولئیک در تیمار‌های اسید فولویک و چای کمپوست بدست آمد. درصد روغن در تیمار‌های شاهد (1/35 درصد)، لیگنین 4/0 گرم (8/36 درصد)، لیگنین 2/0 گرم (9/37 درصد)، چای کمپوست 10 میلی‌لیتر (3/36 درصد)، تیمار‌های اسید فولویک 2 میلی‌لیتر (7/39 درصد)، اسید فولویک 4 میلی‌لیتر (6/44 درصد) و چای کمپوست 20 میلی‌لیتر (7/42 درصد) بود. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش بیشترین مقدار برای عملکرد دانه در تیمار‌های اسید فولویک و چای کمپوست مشاهده شد، که به‌طور معنی‌داری از تیمار‌های لیگنین و شاهد بیشتر بود، عملکرد دانه در تیمار‌های اسید فولویک 2 میلی‌لیتر، اسید فولویک 4 میلی‌لیتر، چای کمپوست 10 میلی‌لیتر، چای کمپوست 20 میلی‌لیتر، لیگنین 2/0 گرم، لیگنین 4/0 گرم و شاهد به ترتیب برابر 1/1144، 4/1086، 3/909، 7/999، 0/820، 7/862 و 7/780 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Quantitative and Qualitative Performance and Phytochemical Traits of Cucurbita Pepo Var.Striaca Under Organic Fertilizer Treatments

نویسندگان [English]

  • seyed mohammad ali mohammadi 1
  • Khodayar Hemmati 2
  • seyed hamzeh hoseini 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran,
3 Expert of Horticultural Science and Engineering Laboratories, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
The increasing use of medicinal plants has required mass production of these plants by using the minimum chemical inputs. In recent years, the study and evaluation of the response of medicinal plants to the use of organic and biological fertilizers has a special place in the research. Pumpkin skin (Cucurbita pepo Var.striaca) is one of the most important medicinal plants that, due to its high quality oil, has a therapeutic aspect in addition to oral intake, Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of evaluating quantitative and qualitative performance of pumpkin skin under biofertilizer treatments.
Materials and Methods:
This experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in a research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in four replications In 2017, it was done. Treatments included: fulvic acid (2, 4 milliliters), compost tea (2 levels 20, 10 ml), lignin (at 2 levels 0.2, 0.4 g) and control treatment (no fertilizer application). In this experiment, traits such as total phenol, total flavonoid, total antioxidant, oil percentage, free fatty acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, protein, 1000 seed weight, grain yield and biological yield were measured in pumpkin squash. Analysis of variance of data was done using SAS software. Mean comparison of data was done by LSD test.
Results:
The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of experimental treatments on phenol total, total flavonoid, total antioxidant, oil percentage, free fatty acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, protein and quantitative traits of gingiva was significant at 1% probability level. . Based on the results of this experiment, the control treatments and the application of lignin have a higher total of phenol and flavonoid than compost tea and fulvic acid, which has antioxidants, phenols and flavonoids. Also, unlike phenol and flavonoid, the highest amount was obtained for oil percent, oleic acid and linoleic acid in foil and tea compost treatments. The percentage of oil in control treatments (35.1%), lignin 0.4 g (36.8%), lignin 0.2 g (37.9%), tea compost 10 ml (36.3%), treatment Folivic acid was 2 ml (39.7%), 4 ml folic acid (44.6%) and tea compost 20 ml (42.7%). According to the results of this study, the highest amount of grain yield was observed in Folivic acid and Compost tea treatments, which was significantly higher in lignin and control treatments. Grain yield was observed in treatments in 2 mL Folivic acid treatments, 4 mL Folivic acid, 10 milliliters of compost tea, 20 milliliters of compost tea, 0.2 gram of lignin, 0.4 grams of lignin and The control was 1144, 1044, 909, 997/7, 820.0, 862.7 and 780.7 kg / ha, respectively.
Conclusion:
In general, the results of this experiment showed that for the quantitative and qualitative improvement of pumpkin seeds, as much as possible, folic acid 4 milliliters and 20 milliliters of compost tea should be used, in addition to increasing the grain and oil yield Pumpkin seeds make the soil more desirable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pumpkin
  • Fulvic acid
  • Lignin
  • Compost tea
  • Oil percentage

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 37-53

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