تأثیر محلول‌پاشی سیلیکون بر انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده و عملکرد دو رقم گندم نان و ماکارونی در شرایط تنش آبی آخر فصل

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ایران

3 استادیار گروه اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی داراب، دانشگاه شیراز، داراب، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: گندم از لحاظ سطح زیر کشت و محصول تولیدی در جهان، رتبه اول را در بین غلات به خود اختصاص داده است و یکی از گیاهان عمده مورد کشت در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک می‌باشد (21). حساسیت گندم به کم‌آبی در همه مراحل یکسان نیست؛ مرحله رشد زایشی نسبت به کم‌آبی بسیار حساس است که کاربرد سیلیکون می تواند تا حدی مقاومت گیاه به کمبود آب در این مرحله را افزایش دهد (27). این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی سیلیکون بر میزان انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده و عملکرد دانه گندم در شرایط تنش آبی آخر فصل رشد انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور بررسی اثر سیلیکون بر انتقال مجدد و عملکرد دو رقم گندم نان و ماکارونی تحت شرایط تنش آبی پایان فصل، پژوهشی مزرعه‌ای به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سال زراعی 97-1396 به اجرا درآمد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل تنش آبی در دو سطح آبیاری مطلوب و قطع آبیاری از اواخر گل‌دهی، محلول‌پاشی سیلیکون در سطوح صفر،1، 2 و 3 میلی‌مولار و ارقام شامل گندم نان (چمران) و ماکارونی (شبرنگ) بودند. در این پژوهش انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده، مشارکت مواد پرورده و کارآیی انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده با استفاده از روش‌های پیشنهادی کاکس و همکاران (2006) و پاپاکوستا و گیاناس (1991) محاسبه شد (38، 15).
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که اثرات اصلی تنش آبی پایان فصل، ارقام و سیلیکون بر محتوای انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده، کارآیی انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده، مشارکت مواد پرورده، تعداد دانه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار ‌بود. کارآیی انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده و مشارکت مواد پرورده و میزان انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده در شرایط تنش آبی و مصرف 3 میلی‌مولار سیلیکون به ترتیب 7/12، 3/25 و 16 درصد نسبت به شرایط عدم مصرف سیلیکون افزایش داشتند. همچنین تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه در شرایط تنش آبی و 3 میلی‌مولار سیلیکون به ترتیب 43 و 13 درصد افزایش نشان دادند. در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب، عملکرد دانه با وزن هزار دانه همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری داشت (**545 /0(r= . در شرایط تنش آبی عملکرد دانه با وزن هزار دانه (**520/0(r=، شاخص برداشت (*404/0 r=)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (**810 /0 (r=و مشارکت مواد پرورده (*459/0= r) همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در رقم چمران کاربرد برگی سیلیکون به میزان 3 میلی‌مولار باعث افزایش انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده و کارآیی انتقال مجدد مواد پرورده به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 2/67 و 7/38 درصد نسبت به شرایط عدم مصرف سیلیکون شد که درنهایت منجر به افزایش 7/19 درصدی عملکرد دانه‌ در رقم چمران نسبت به رقم شبرنگ در شرایط تنش آبی گردید. بنابراین کاربرد برگی 3 میلی مولار سیلیکون می تواند راهکاری مناسب در بهبود و افزایش عملکرد دانه گندم در شرایط تنش آبی آخر فصل در مناطق نیمه خشک باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of silicone spraying on assimilate remobilization and yield of two bread and durum wheat under late season water stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sodabeh Rezabeighi 1
  • Ehsan Bijanzadeh 2
  • Ali Behpouri 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran,
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran
چکیده [English]

Effect of Foliar Application of silicon on Assimilate Remobilization and Yield of Two Bread Wheat and Durum Wheat Cultivars under Late Season Water Stress

Background and objectives: Wheat is one of the major plants cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions and is number one whit respect to planting area and production in the world. Sensitivity of wheat to water stress in not equal in all of the growth stages and flowering stage is very sensitive to water stress, which silicon application could be able to increase the tolerance of wheat to water stress. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of silicon spraying on assimilate remobilization and grain yield of wheat under late season water stress conditions.
Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of silicon on remobilization and yield of two bread and durum wheat cultivars, under late season water stress, a field experiment was conducted as split factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replicates at Agriculture College and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University, during 2017-2018 growing season. Experimental treatments consisted of water stress in two levels included normal irrigation and water stress at the end of flowering, silicon (Si) spraying at 0, 1, 2, and 3 mM and two wheat cultivars (Chamran and Shabrang). In this research, assimilate remobilization, remobilization contribution and remobilization sufficiency were determined according to Cox et al., (2006) and Papakosta and Gagianas's (1991) methods.

Results: The results showed that the main effects of water stress, cultivars and silicon had significant effects on assimilate remobilization, contribution efficiency, remobilization efficiency, number of seeds per spike, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, biological yield and grain yield. Foliar application of 3 mM Si increased 12.7%, 25.3% and 16% of assimilate remobilization, contribution efficiency, and remobilization efficiency of wheat compared to no Si application, respectively. Also, at 3 mM silicone under water stress the number of seeds per spike and 1000-seed weight increased 43 and 13%, respectively. In normal irrigation conditions, grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with 1000-grain weight (r = 0.545 **), while in water stress conditions, grain yield was had a positive and significant correlation with 1000-kernel weight (0.520**), harvest index (0.404*), biological yield (0.810**) and contribution efficiency (0.459**).
Conclusion: In Chamran cultivar, foliar application of 3mM Si improved assimilate remobilization and remobilization efficiency by 67.2 and 38.7%, respectively, which resulted in 19.7% increase in grain yield of Chamran cultivar compared to Shabrang when plant exposed to water stress. Overall, foliar application of 3 mM silicon could be a suitable approach in improve and increase the wheat grain yield under late season water stress in semi-arid areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • assimilate remobilization"
  • " Chamran cultiva"
  • "r contribution efficiency"
  • " 1000-grain weight

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 55-71

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