پاسخ مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه Aeluropus littoralis به آلاینده Bisphenol A در همزیستی با قارچ مایکوریزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران،

3 استاد گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده:

سابقه و هدف: آلوروپوس یکی از هالوفیتهای بومی ایران است که قابلیت جذب، انتقال و دفع نمک از طریق غدد نمکی را دارد. بیسفنول ای در پساب تصفیه خانه فاضلاب شهری و صنعتی، آب سطحی و زیرزمینی یافت می شود و به سبب فعالیت استروژنی موجب افزایش سرطان بیضه و سینه می گردد. گونه های چمنی به دلیل سیستم ریشه ای افشان برای انجام عمل گیاه پالایی خاکهای آلوده مناسب هستند.

مواد و روش ها: این آزمایش با هدف بررسی پاسخ مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه علفی آلوروپوس بومی ایران به آلاینده بیسفنول ای در همزیستی با قارچ مایکوریزا به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کاملا تصادفی (48 واحد آزمایشی) انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار غلظت آلاینده بیسفنول ای (صفر، 5، 10و 15 میلی گرم در لیتر)، دو سطح تلقیح مایکوریزا (گیاهان بدون مایکوریزا و گیاهان تلقیح شده با مایکوریزا گلوموس موسه) و 3 تکرار (در هر تکرار 2 گیاه) بود. بذور در سینی های کشت با مخلوطی از ماسه، ورمی کولایت و خاک (1:1:1) کشت شدند. در مرحله بعدی گیاهچه ها برای انجام تیمارهای قارچ مایکوریزا به گلدان جدید (سطل4) انتقال داده شدند و همزمان ٥٠ گرم زادمایه مایکوریزا آربوسکولار به خاک هر گلدان اضافه شد. تیمارهای آلاینده بیسفنول ای به مدت دوماه توسط آب آبیاری انجام شد.

یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که تاثیر بیسفنول ای با توجه به غلظت متفاوت بود. سطح برگ، تعداد ساقه، تعداد برگ و ارتفاع در غلظت 5 میلی گرم در لیتر افزایش یافت و با افزایش غلظت به 15 میلی گرم در لیتر اثر کاهشی بر این صفات مشاهده شد. وزن خشک ریشه، سطح و حجم ریشه تا غلظت 10 میلی گرم در لیتر افزایش یافت. طول ریشه، غلظت کلروفیل، نشت یونی تا غلظت 5 میلی گرم در لیتر اختلاف معنی دار نداشت و در غلظت های بالاتر طول ریشه و غلظت کلروفیل کاهش و نشت یونی افزایش یافت. وزن تر ریشه و محتوای نسبی آب با افزایش غلظت آلاینده تا 10 میلی گرم در لیتر افزایش و در غلظت های ۱۰ و ۱۵ میلی گرم در لیتر کاهش یافت. با افزایش غلظت بیسفنول ای درصد جذب بیسفنول ای از خاک توسط گیاه کاهش و میزان بیسفنول ای تجمعی در برگ و ریشه افزایش نشان داد. با افزایش غلظت آلاینده تا سه برابر، بیسفنول ای برگی به میزان دو برابر افزایش یافت. تاثیر مایکوریزا بر کلیه صفات، به غیر از ارتفاع ساقه معنی دار شد به طوری که نشت یونی کاهش و بقیه صفات مورد ارزیابی در گیاهان تلقیح شده افزایش یافت.

نتیجه گیری کلی: در گیاهان تلقیح شده با مایکوریزا، بیسفنول ای موجود در برگ و جذب بیسفنول از خاک بترتیب 30 و 40 درصد بیشتر از گیاهان بدون تلقیح بود که نشان می دهد قابلیت جذب بیسفنول ای در گیاهان تلقیح شده بالاتر است. گیاه آلوروپوس می تواند تا 80 درصد بیسفنول ای خاک را توسط سیستم ریشه ای خود جذب کند و با انتقال آنها به شاخساره، آلاینده را از طریق غدد نمکی خود دفع کند که نشان دهنده سازگاری و مقاومت بالای آلوروپوس نسبت به آلاینده بیسفنول ای است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphophysiological response of Aeluropus littoralis to Bisphenol A in symbiosis with mycorrhiza

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meysam Nejadsahebi 1
  • Azizollah Khandan-Mirkohi 2
  • Mohsen Kafi 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran,
3 Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences and Landscape Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract

 

Background and objectives: Aeluropus is one of the native halophytes of Iran that can absorb, transfer and excrete salt through the saline glands. Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in the effluents of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, surface, and groundwater and due to estrogenic activity, it increases testicular and breast cancer. Grass species are suitable for phytoremediation because of their root system. 

 

Materials and methods: This study was conducted to investigate the Morphophysiological response of Iranian native Aeluropus littoralis to BPA in symbiosis with mycorrhizal as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with 48 pots. Treatments included 4 concentrations of BPA (0, 5, 10, and 15 ppm), 2 levels of mycorrhizal inoculation (non-mycorrhizal plants, and plants inoculated with glomus mosseae) and 3 repeats (2 plants per repeat). The seeds were placed in a transplant culture tray containing a mixture of sand, vermiculite, and soil (1: 1: 1) and irrigated 1 month. In the next step, the seedlings were transferred to another pot (bucket 4) to perform mycorrhizal fungal treatments, so that 5 g of mycorrhiza was added to the soil of each pot, and then the BPA pollutant was treated with irrigation water for two months.

 

Results: The results showed that the effect of BPA was different depending on the concentration. Leaf area, number of stems, number of leaves and height increased at a concentration of 5 ppm and this concentration did not show a significant difference with 10 ppm treatment, but with increasing concentration to 15 ppm, a decreasing effect on these traits was observed. As the BPA concentration increased to10 ppm, the root dry weight, root area, and root volume increased. Root length, chlorophyll concentration, ion leakage up to 5 ppm did not differ significantly, and at higher concentrations the root length and chlorophyll concentration decreased and ion leakage increased. Root wet weight and RWC increased with increasing contamination to a concentration of 10 ppm, but decreased at concentrations of 10 and 15 ppm. As the concentration of BPA increased, the percentage of BPA soil uptake by the plant decreased and the cumulative amount of BPA (leaf and root) increased. With a threefold increase in the concentration of the contaminant, leaf bisphenol A doubled. The effects of mycorrhiza on all non-height traits were significant. Plants inoculated with mycorrhiza had lower ionic leakage than non-inoculated plants, and the rest of the traits evaluated in inoculated plants increased.

 

Conclusion: In plants inoculated with mycorrhiza, the BPA in the leaves and the absorption of BPA from the soil were 30% and 40% higher, respectively, than the non-inoculated plants. The inoculated plants were able to absorb more BPA. Aeluropus can absorb up to 80 percent of the soil's BPA and excrete it through its salt glands through its transfer to the shoots, indicating this plant's high compatibility and resistance to BPA contaminants.

 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • halophyte
  • saline glands
  • phytoremediation
  • ion leakage
  • chlorophyll 

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 28، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 147-165

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