جداسازی و شناسایی مورفولوژیک و مولکولی قارچ‌های اندوفیت مهم گیاه بنه(Pistacia mutica) در استان هرمزگان و تاثیر آن‌ها در افزایش تحمل به تنش شوری گیاهچه فلفل رقم کالیفرنیا واندر3

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: بهبود منابع غذایی و محصولات کشاورزی در سال‌های اخیر به‌دلیل رشد بالای جمعیت مورد توجه بیشتری قرار گرفته است. تنش شوری به‌عنوان یکی از شایع‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی باعث کاهش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی به خصوص سبزی‌ها و محصولات زراعی می‌گردد. اندوفیت‌های میکروبی که از مهمترین میکروارگانیسم‌ها محسوب می‌شوند با ایجاد تغییرات ژنتیکی، فیزیولوژیک و اکولـوژیک در گیاهـان میزبان خود، عملکرد آن‌ها را در واحد سطح افزایش می‌دهند و امکان توسعه کشت آن‌ها در خاک‌های شور، خشک یا اقلیم‌هایی با تنش‌های غیـر‌زیسـتی و زیستی را فراهم می‌آورند.
مواد و روش‌ها: به‌منظور شناسایی قارچ‌های اندوفیت در گیاه بنه (Pistacia mutica ) در طی فصل تابستان 1399 نمونه‌برداری از اندام‌های کاملا سالم گیاه شامل پوست تنه اصلی، شاخه‌های جانبی، برگ و ریشه در پنج منطقه از استان هرمزگان صورت گرفت. در این مطالعه تعداد 20 قارچ از درخت بنه جداسازی و خالص‌سازی شد. سپس قارچ‌های خالص‌سازی شده روی محیط کشت PDA که حاوی غلظت‌های شوری (5/0، 1، 2 و 3 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم) بودند کشت داده شدند و در انتها سه قارچ که قادر به رشد در بالاترین سطح شوری بودند انتخاب شدند.
یافته‌ها: براساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی و توالی‌یابی ناحیه ITS ریبوزومی سه گونه Aspergillus niger MG890603، MG904988 Paecilomyces formosus و MG907039 Alternaria alternata به‌عنوان قارچ اندوفیت از گیاه بنه در ایران و دنیا شناسایی شدند. به‌منظور تاثیر این قارچ‌های اندوفیت بر تحمل به شوری گیاه فلفل دلمه‌ای آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد قارچ‌های اندوفیت P. formosus و A. alternata باعث افزایش طول ریشه گیاهچه فلفل نسبت به عدم تلقیح در تنش شوری 60 میلی‌مولار به‌میزان 5/1 برابر شد. همچنین ترکیب سه قارچ‌ اندوفیت A. niger ، P. formosus و A. alternata باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی گیاهچه فلفل نسبت به عدم تلقیح در تنش شوری 60 میلی‌مولار به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 4 و 5/5 برابر شد. بیشترین میزان پراکسیداز در ترکیب قارچ‌های ( P. formosus و A. alternata) و (P. formosus، A. alternata و(A. niger به‌ترتیب به‌میزان 41/51 و 65/48 درصد تحت تنش شوری 60 میلی‌مولار نسبت به شاهد مشاهده شد. در تنش شوری 60 میلی‌مولار بیشترین میزان کاتالاز مربوط به ترکیب قارچی (P. formosus و A. alternata) به‌میزان 54/15 درصد در مقایسه با شاهد بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌‌طور کلی نتایج نشان می‌دهد استفاده از قارچ‌های اندوفیت سبب افزایش رشد گیاه فلفل تحت تنش شوری می‌شو‌د. بنابراین، استفاده از قارچ‌های اندوفیت به‌عنوان جایگزینی با پتانسیل زیاد به‌عنوان محرک‌های رشد گیاه پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and morphological and molecular identification of important endophyte fungi of Pistacia mutica in Hormozgan province and their effect on increasing salt stress tolerance of California Wonder 3 pepper seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Kavehnia 1
  • Davood Samsampour 2
  • Majeed Askari Seyahooei 3
1 M.Sc., Dept. of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Plant Medicine Research Department, Hormozgan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Salinity stress, as one of the most common environmental stresses, reduces the yield of agricultural products, especially vegetables. Microbial endophytes, which are considered as one of the most important microorganisms, increase their yield per unit area by causing genetic, physiological, and ecological changes in their host plants and provide the possibility of developing their cultivation in salty, dry soils or climates with abiotic and biotic stresses.
Materials and Methods: In order to identify endophytic fungi in pistachio plant (Pistacia mutica), during the summer season of 2019, sampling of completely healthy organs of the plant, including the bark of the main trunk, side branches, leaves and roots, was carried out in five regions of Hormozgan province. In this study, 20 fungi were isolated and purified from (Pistacia mutica) tree. Then the purified mushrooms were cultured on PDA culture medium containing salinity concentrations (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mM sodium chloride) and finally three mushrooms that were able to grow at the highest salinity level were selected.
Results: Based on the morphological characteristics and sequencing of the ribosomal ITS region, three species of Aspergillus niger MG890603, Paecilomyces formosus MG904988 and Alternaria alternata MG907039 were identified as endophytic fungi from the tuber plant in Iran and the world. In order to investigate the effect of these endophytic fungi on the salinity tolerance of bell peppers, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the application of endophytic fungi P. formosus and A. alternata increased the root length of pepper seedlings by 1.5 double compared to no inoculation at 60 mM salinity stress. Also, the combination of three endophytic fungi, A. niger, P. formosus, and A. alternata, increased the wet and dry weight of pepper seedlings by 4 and 5.5 double, respectively, compared to no inoculation at 60 mM salinity stress. The highest amount of peroxidase in the combination of fungi (P. formosus and A. alternata) and (P. formosus, A. alternata and A. niger) was 51.41 and 48.65%, respectively, under 60 mM salt stress compared to the control. In the salinity stress of 60 mM, the highest amount of catalase related to the fungal combination (P. formosus and A. alternata) was 15.54% compared to the control.
Conclusion: In general, the results show that the use of endophytic fungi increases the growth of pepper plants under salt stress. Therefore, the use of endophytic fungi is suggested as an alternative with high potential as plant growth promoters.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Peroxidase
  • Catalase
  • Micro-morphologic
  • Dry weight

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 30، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 41-64

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