القای تغییرات مورفو-فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمیایی در گیاه مریم گلی (Salvia officinalis L.) توسط دستورزی طیف‌ نور

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

4 دانشیار آزمایشگاه فتوسنتز، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده فناوری کشاورزی ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران. ایران

5 دانشیار سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مشهد؛ مجتمع آموزش عالی تربت جام، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: طیف نور محیط رشد یک عامل تعیین‌کننده برای فتوسنتز و رشد گیاه می‌باشد. امروزه، با استفاده از فناوری لامپ‌های LED (Light Emitting Diode)، امکان مطالعه تاثیر فیزیولوژیکی طیف‌های مختلف نور، بهینه‌سازی شرایط رشد و افزایش تولید گیاهان در محیط‌های کنترل شده فراهم شده است. با توجه به اهمیت اقتصادی و دارویی گیاه مریم گلی، تولیدکنندگان همواره در پی بکارگیری شیوه‌های نوین برای افزایش تولید هستند. لامپ های LED به عنوان منبع نور مصنوعی می‌توانند به رشد بهتر و سریع‌تر محصولات باغبانی در محیط‌های کنترل شده کمک کنند. بر همین اساس، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی و مقایسه تاثیر طیف‌های مختلف نور LED بر شاخص‌های مورفو-فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی مریم گلی به اجرا در آمد.
مواد و روشها: به منظور بررسی تاثیر طیف‌های مختلف نوری بر خصوصیات رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه مریم گلی، آزمایشی گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 6 تیمار و 3 تکرار در اتاق رشد گیاه در کشت بدون خاک اجرا شد. در این آزمایش گیاه مریم گلی تحت شش محیط دارای طیف‌های نوری: سفید، قرمز، آبی، قرمز30:آبی70، قرمز50:آبی50 و قرمز70:آبی30 ساطع شده از لامپ‌های LED با شدت نوری 10±250 میکرومول فوتون بر متر مربع در ثانیه و با تناوب نوری 14 ساعت روشنایی و 10 ساعت تاریکی پرورش داده شدند. در این مطالعه خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی از جمله (ارتفاع گیاه، طول ریشه، حجم ریشه، قطر ساقه، تعداد برگ، طول و عرض برگ، سطح برگ و سطح ویژه برگ)، رویشی (وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، ساقه، ریشه و برگ)، محتوی رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، b، کل و کاروتنوئید) و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی (کربوهیدرات محلول، فنل کل، ظرفیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. آنالیز داده‌های آماری حاصل از این آزمایش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری9.1 SAS انجام گرفت و مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با استفاده از آزمون چند دامنه‌ای دانکن در سطح 1 درصد محاسبه گردید.
یافته ها: شاخص‌های مورفو-فیزیولوژی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه مریم گلی تحت تاثیر طیف‌های مختلف نور قرار گرفت. ارتفاع گیاهان رشد یافته در تیمار نور قرمز نسبت به سایر تیمارها بیشترین مقدار بود. بالاترین وزن تر و وزن خشک اندام هوایی در طیف نور قرمز70:آبی30 و کمترین میزان آن در طیف نور آبی مشاهده شد. در مطالعه حاضر افزایش نسبت نور آبی منجر به کاهش رشد شد. در حالی که افزایش نسبت نور قرمز منجر به بهبود شاخص‌های رشدی شد. بیشترین محتوی رنگدانه‌های کلروفیل در محیط‌های نور ترکیبی قرمز و آبی مشاهده شد. بیشترین مقدار فنل کل، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و قند محلول در گیاهان رشد یافته در محیط های نوری ترکیبی قرمز و آبی مشاهده شد.
نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی نتایج نشان داد نور ترکیبی قرمز70:آبی30 با القا تولید رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی منجر به تحریک رشد و بهبود شاخص‌های رشدی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه مریم گلی می‌شود. بنابراین جهت تولید اقتصادی این گیاه در محیط‌های کنترل شده و همچنین روش‌های نوین کشاورزی و کشت طبقاتی، کاربرد این محیط نوری پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Induction of Morph-Physiological and Biochemical Alternation of Salvia Officinalis L. by Manipulating Light Spectrum

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Moradi 1
  • Hossein Aruei 2
  • Bahram Abedy 3
  • Sasan Aliniaeifard 4
  • Kamal Ghasemi-Bezdi 5
1 Ph.D. Student of Horticultural Science, Dept. of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
4 Associate Prof., Photosynthesis Laboratory, Dept. of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural and Horticultural Research, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Khorasan Razavi, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, University
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Light spectrum of growing environment is a determinant factor for plant growth and photosynthesis. Photoregulation is an effective strategy to improve productivity of plants. Light sources such as metal-halide, fluorescent, high-pressure sodium, neon lamps and light-emiting diode (LED) can be used for production of plants in closed environments instead of sunlight. Nowadays, by using the LED (Light Emitting Diode) technology, it is possible to study the physiological effect of different light spectra for optimization of growth conditions and for increase the production of plants in controlled environments. Due to high marketability, producers continually investigate to maximize yield and productivity of sage.The main purpose of this study was to examine and compare different combinations of LED light spectra on morpho-physiological and biochemical response of sage plant.
Materials and methods: In this study, the effects of different light spectra were implemented and performed as a pot experiment soilless media in the plant growth chamber based on a completely randomized design with 6 lighting spectra including white, blue, red, red30: blue70, red50: blue50 and red70: blue30 with tree replication. The light intensity in all growth chambers was adjusted to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 250 ±10 μmol m-2s-1 PPFD intensity and light spectrum were monitored using a sekonic light meter. Growth condition was set at 14/10 h day/night cycles, 25/20oC day/night temperatures and 40% relative humidity. In this study, different morphological traits (plant height, root length, root volume, stem diameter, number of leaves, Leaf length, Leaf width, Leaf area, specific leaf area, Number of nodes, Internode length, Number of branches), vegetative parameters, photosynthetic pigment concentrations and biochemical characteristics were measured analyzed. Data analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using IBM SAS software (Version 9.1), and the differences between means were assessed using Duncan’s multiple range tests at p ≤ 0.01.
Results: The results showed that the morphological, growth and content of photosynthetic pigments of sage plant were affected by different light spectra. R:B combinational lights caused a better growth in comparison with monochromatic R and B lights. The plants grown under red light had the tallest stem in comparison with the stem lengths of plants grown under other light spectra. The highest shoot and root fresh weight were measured in 70:30 red: blue light. Highest root dry weight and root volume were detected under R70B30 and lowest values of them were observed under R light. In the present study, increasing the ratio of blue light led to the generation of short and small plants, while increasing the ratio of red light led to the improvement of growth characteristics. Concentrations of all photosynthetic pigments in the sage leaves were significantly influenced by the light spectra. The highest Chl a and Chl b concentration was observed under R50B50 and R70B30 lights. Highest total Chl content was detected under R70B30. Highest amount of total phenolic content and antiradical activity was observed in leaves of plants grown under 70:30 red: blue light.
Conclusion: Growth and morphology and content of photosynthetic pigments of plants were considerably influenced by light spectra in this study. In conclusion, combined red and blue lights (red70: blue30) by inducing of production of more photosynthetic pigments improved growth and improving growth of sage plant. Therefore, it can be expressed that the presence of both wavelengths (blue and red) is necessary for a better and more complete growth of the plant. In general, it can be suggested that the use of LEDs can result in better economic production-controlled environment systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Light quality
  • LED
  • Sage
  • photosynthesis
  • growth

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 30، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 101-121

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