شناسایی عوامل ایجادکننده خلاء عملکرد گندم آبی (مطالعه موردی استان گلستان - شهر جلین)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده

هدف: عوامل مدیریتی متعددی در میزان عملکرد نقش تعیین کننده‌ای دارند. با شناسایی و بهبود عواملی که باعث خلاء عملکرد می‌شوند، می‌توان به عملکرد بالاتری دست یافت. مطالعه حاضر به منظور شناسایی میزان خلاء عملکرد و سهم عوامل مؤثر در آن در گندم آبی در شهر جلین انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت پیمایشی در 50 مزرعه گندم در شهر جلین در سال زراعی 1400 انجام شد. این مزارع به لحاظ مساحت و مدیریت‌های زراعی و عملکرد متنوع بودند. اطلاعاتی مانند مساحت مزارع، تجربه (سابقه) کشاورزان، محصول قبلی، تاریخ کاشت، روش کاشت، ارقام مورد استفاده، عملیات تهیه بستر، روش کاشت، میزان بذر مصرفی، علف‌کش، قارچ‌کش، روش آبیاری، منبع آب، کودپایه، تعداد و میزان کود سرک، زمان برداشت محصول از طریق بازدیدهای میدانی در طی فصل رشد و پرسش از کشاورزان جمع-آوری و تکمیل گردید. در پایان فصل رشد میزان عملکرد واقعی برداشت شده توسط کشاورزان، ثبت گردید. آنالیز صفات کمی با استفاده از روش رگرسیون ساده خطی و آنالیز صفات کیفی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی نامتعادل و مقایسه میانگین با استفاده از روش LSD در سطح احتمال پنج درصد انجام شده است. در نهایت رابطه بین عملکرد واقعی و بیش از 50 متغیر مدیریتی با استفاده از رگرسیون گام به گام و روش آنالیز تحلیل مقایسه کارکرد (CPA) و نرم افزار SAS مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد بین عملکرد دانه گندم و متغیرهایی مانند تراکم بوته و سنبله در مترمربع، تاریخ کاشت، مقدار علف‌کش و قارچ‌کش، مقدار مصرف سولفات پتاسیم، مقدار کود سرک و تعداد تقسیط (دفعات) کود سرک رابطه معنی‌داری وجود دارد. همچنین صفات کیفی مانند قارچ‌کش (مصرف/عدم مصرف) و کود سوپر فسفات تریپل (مصرف/عدم مصرف) اثر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه داشت. بین عملکرد واقعی (3528 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد قابل حصول (6688 کیلوگرم در هکتار) 3160 کیلوگرم در هکتار خلاء وجود داشت. متغیرهای مدیریتی از قبیل رطوبت بستر، رقم تیرگان، تاریخ کاشت، مقدارکود سرک، مقدار ریزمغذی‌ها، مصرف NPK، مصرف قارچ‌کش (مصرف/عدم مصرف)، آلتوکمبی (سایپروکونازول+کاربندازیم) (مصرف/عدم مصرف) در عملکرد و خلاء آن سهیم بوده‌اند. مقدار مصرف کود سرک با 7/17 درصد و رطوبت بستر با 7/2 درصد به‌ترتیب بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین سهم را در خلاء عملکرد داشتند. همچنین استفاده از رقم تیرگان (8/14درصد) تاریخ کاشت (3/13 درصد)، مقدار ریزمغذی (5/16 درصد)، مصرف NPK (7/11 درصد)، مصرف قارچکش (6/9 درصد)، قارچکش آلتوکمبی (7/13 درصد) سهیم بودند.

نتیجه گیری: با توجه به اینکه در بین عوامل مدیریتی برخی متغیرها تأثیر بیش‌تری در خلاء عملکرد دارند با بهینه‌سازی موارد ذکر شده می-توان عملکرد گندم را در شهر جلین افزایش داد بنابراین لازم است بهبود مدیریت این متغیرها برای مزارع شهر جلین در اولویت قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the factors leading to yield gap in irrigated wheat (case study: Golestan province - Jelin city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamidreza Hadizadeh 1
  • Afshin Soltani 2
  • Javid Gherekhloo 3
  • Safora Jafarnodeh 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate in Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Graduate in Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract

Objective: Several management factors play a decisive role in the extent of yield. Higher yields may be achieved by identifying and improving the factors that cause yield gap. The present study was conducted to identify the yield gap and the contribution of factors affecting it in irrigated wheat in Jelin city.

Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a survey in 50 wheat fields in Jelin city in the growing year of 2021. These farms were diverse in terms of area, crop management and yield. Information such as farm area, experience (record) of farmers, previous crop, planting date, planting method, cultivars used, seedbed preparation operation, seeding rate, herbicide, fungicide, irrigation method, water source, base fertilizer, top dressing and the time of harvest were collected and completed through field surveys during the growing season and questions from farmers. At the end of the growing season, the actual yield harvested by the farmers was recorded. Analysis of quantitative traits was done using simple linear regression method and analysis of qualitative traits was carried out in the form of an unbalanced completely randomized design. Mean comparison was done using the LSD method at five percent probability level. Finally, the relationship between actual yield and more than 50 management variables was investigated using stepwise regression and comparative performance analysis (CPA) and SAS software.

Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between wheat grain yield and variables such as plant and spike density per square meter, planting date, amount of herbicide and fungicide, amount of potassium sulfate application, amount of fertilizer and the number of (times) of fertilizer splits. Also, qualitative traits such as fungicide (application/ non-application) and triple superphosphate fertilizer (application/ non-application) had a significant effect on grain yield. There was a gap of 3160 kg/ha between the actual yield (3528 kg/ha) and the attainable yield (6688 kg/ha). management variables such as seedbed moisture, Tirgan variety, planting date, amount of fertilizer, amount of micronutrients, NPK application, fungicide consumption (application/non-application), Altocombi (cyproconazole + carbendazim) (application/ non-application) contributed to yield and its gap. Fertilizer top dressing with 17.7% and seedbed moisture with 2.7% had the highest and lowest share in yield gap, respectively. The use of Tirgan variety (14.8 percent), planting date (13.3 percent), amount of micronutrients (16.5 percent), NPK (11.7 percent), fungicide application (9.6 percent) and Altocombi fungicide (7 (13 percent) also contributed to yield gap.

Conclusion: Considering that among the management factors, some variables have a greater effect on yield gap, wheat yield in Jelin city may be improved by optimizing the mentioned items. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the improved management of these variables in the farms of Jelin city.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cultivars
  • Grain yield
  • Herbicide
  • Management
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