نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
2 استاد ـ گروه زراعت – دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان.
3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران،
4 دانش آموخته دکترا / گروه زراعت دانشکده تولید گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Objective: Several management factors play a decisive role in the extent of yield. Higher yields may be achieved by identifying and improving the factors that cause yield gap. The present study was conducted to identify the yield gap and the contribution of factors affecting it in irrigated wheat in Jelin city.
Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted as a survey in 50 wheat fields in Jelin city in the growing year of 2021. These farms were diverse in terms of area, crop management and yield. Information such as farm area, experience (record) of farmers, previous crop, planting date, planting method, cultivars used, seedbed preparation operation, seeding rate, herbicide, fungicide, irrigation method, water source, base fertilizer, top dressing and the time of harvest were collected and completed through field surveys during the growing season and questions from farmers. At the end of the growing season, the actual yield harvested by the farmers was recorded. Analysis of quantitative traits was done using simple linear regression method and analysis of qualitative traits was carried out in the form of an unbalanced completely randomized design. Mean comparison was done using the LSD method at five percent probability level. Finally, the relationship between actual yield and more than 50 management variables was investigated using stepwise regression and comparative performance analysis (CPA) and SAS software.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between wheat grain yield and variables such as plant and spike density per square meter, planting date, amount of herbicide and fungicide, amount of potassium sulfate application, amount of fertilizer and the number of (times) of fertilizer splits. Also, qualitative traits such as fungicide (application/ non-application) and triple superphosphate fertilizer (application/ non-application) had a significant effect on grain yield. There was a gap of 3160 kg/ha between the actual yield (3528 kg/ha) and the attainable yield (6688 kg/ha). management variables such as seedbed moisture, Tirgan variety, planting date, amount of fertilizer, amount of micronutrients, NPK application, fungicide consumption (application/non-application), Altocombi (cyproconazole + carbendazim) (application/ non-application) contributed to yield and its gap. Fertilizer top dressing with 17.7% and seedbed moisture with 2.7% had the highest and lowest share in yield gap, respectively. The use of Tirgan variety (14.8 percent), planting date (13.3 percent), amount of micronutrients (16.5 percent), NPK (11.7 percent), fungicide application (9.6 percent) and Altocombi fungicide (7 (13 percent) also contributed to yield gap.
Conclusion: Considering that among the management factors, some variables have a greater effect on yield gap, wheat yield in Jelin city may be improved by optimizing the mentioned items. Therefore, it is necessary to prioritize the improved management of these variables in the farms of Jelin city.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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