نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and objectives: Lack of water is the most important factor which is limiting the production of crops in arid and semi-arid countries of the world, including Iran. In such a situations, rice, as one of the crops with high water demand, has the largest share in the diet of Iranian people after wheat. The extensive cultivation of rice has led to the overexploitation of water resources. Currently, there is no comprehensive and accurate information on the actual amount of water being consumed in the production process of this crop in the country. In the present study, this issue was investigated by using the water footprint index. The purpose of this research was to estimate the potential yield (yield in the conditions of no water and nutrient limitations, and no damage from pests, diseases and weeds) and to estimate the water footprint of green and blue rice in the country.
Materials and methods: The scope of study in this research is the rice producing areas in the whole country. Water footprint calculations were made based on the outputs of the SSM-iCrop2 model and in the time limit of 2006-2015.
Results: The average yield potential of paddy for low yield cultivars in the whole country was estimated to be 3548 kg/ha and for high yield cultivars to be 6078 kg/ha. The blue water footprint for low yield cultivars in the whole country fluctuated between 446 m3/t and 5717 m3/t. The lowest blue water footprint for high yield cultivars was 237 m3/t and the highest was 2170 m3/t. Furthermore, the amount of green water footprint for low yield cultivars in the whole country was estimated to be 213 m3/t and this amount for high yield cultivars was also estimated to be 90 m3/t.
Conclusion: The results show that the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan, which are located in the north of the country and near the Caspian Sea, due to the benefit of rainfall and high yield, have less blue water footprint and more green water footprint. Other provinces of the country, such as Khuzestan, Bushehr and Hormozgan provinces, which are located in hot areas, have more blue water footprint and less green water footprint, due to the high temperature in them and the lack of proper precipitation (rain). By evaluating the water footprint, the necessary planning is done to manage the cultivation of this crop in terms of the amount of water available in different regions of the country, so that rice cultivation can be limited and stopped in areas with high water consumption.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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