بررسی اثر باکتری‌های محرک رشد و نیترات پتاسیم بر خصوصیات رشدی و تبادلات گازی لیمو ترش (Citrus aurantifolia ) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی تولید و پس از برداشت گیاهان باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسیﺧﺎک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف : خشکی یکی از تنش‌های محیطی مؤثر بر رشد گیاهان است که خصوصیات رشدی، مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. این تنش می‌تواند منجر به کاهش فتوسنتز، تعرق و هدایت روزنه‌ای در گیاهان شود که نهایتاً به کاهش عملکرد محصول منجر می‌گردد. باکتری‌های محرک رشد به‌ عنوان یکی از عوامل مؤثر در افزایش مقاومت گیاهان به تنش خشکی شناخته شده‌اند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثر همزمان تلقیح سویه‌های مختلف باکتری‌های محرک رشد و محلول‌پاشی نیترات پتاسیم برخصوصیات رشدی و تبادلات گازی گیاه لیمو ترش جهت افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی بود.

مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه، اثر باکتری محرک رشد در پنج سطح Enterobacter coleacea E1، Bacillus subtilis CS1، Enterobacter coleacea R33، کنسرسیوم سه سویه یاد شده و شاهد (عدم تلقیح باکتری) همراه با محلول‌پاشی برگی نیترات پتاسیم در دو سطح (0 و 20 گرم در لیتر) تحت سه رژیم آبیاری مختلف (40، 70، 100 درصد پتانسیل تبخیر و تعرق) بر خصوصیات رشدی و تبادلات گازی نهال‌های یک ساله لیمو ترش (Mexican lime) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. وزن خشک اندام هوایی و سطح برگ یک بار در پایان آزمایش و مابقی پارامترها در سه مقطع زمانی 60، 120 و 180 روز پس از آغاز آزمایش جمع‌آوری شدند. این پژوهش به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار و در مجموع 90 واحد آزمایشی انجام شد.

یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که خشکی موجب کاهش قابل توجهی در تبادلات گازی و خصوصیات رشدی نهال های لیموترشگردید. . تلقیح کنسرسیوم سه باکتری همراه با محلول‌پاشی 20 گرم در لیتر نیترات پتاسیم توانست وزن خشک اندام هوایی را 5/36 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش دهد. بیشترین سطح برگ به میزان 1111 متر مربع نیز در گیاهان تلقیح‌شده با باکتری R33 و محلول‌پاشی شده با 20 گرم در لیتر نیترات پتاسیم به دست آمد. تلقیح نهال لیموترش با کنسرسیوم سه باکتری همراه با محلول‌پاشی 20گرم در لیتر نیترات پتاسیم به ترتیب منجر به افزایش2/61 و 6/16 درصدی ارتفاع نهال و تعداد برگ در گیاهان آبیاری شده با 40 درصد پتانسیل تبخیر و تعرق گردید. در پایان آزمایش ، میزان فتوسنتز به میزان 9/29 درصد نسبت به آغاز آزمایش کاهش یافت. محلول‌پاشی نیترات پتاسیم به میزان 20 گرم در لیتر و تلقیح با باکتری‌های محرک رشد موجب بهبود فتوسنتز گردید. به‌طور مشخص، فتوسنتز در گیاهان تلقیح شده با Bacillus subtilis CS1 و کنسرسیوم سه سویه همراه با محلول‌پاشی 10 گرم در لیتر نیترات پتاسیم به ترتیب 1/56 و 8/43 درصد نسبت به گیاهان بدون محلول‌پاشی نیترات پتاسیم و عدم تلقیح باکتری در همان رژیم آبیاری افزایش یافت. در رژیم آبیاری 40 درصد پتانسیل تبخیر و تعرق، تلقیح کنسرسیوم سه سویه همراه با محلول‌پاشی 20 گرم در لیتر نیترات پتاسیم توانست هدایت روزنه‌ای را نسبت به گیاهان بدون اعمال تیمار بهبود بخشد (3/333 درصد). همچنین، میزان تعرق در گیاهان تلقیح شده با Bacillus subtilis CS1 به میزان 7/138 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. غلظت دی اکسید کربن زیر روزنه‌ای نیز در گیاهان تلقیح شده با Enterobacter coleacea R33 و تیمار شده با نیترات پتاسیم ، به میزان 4/69 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشت.

نتیجه گیری: یافته‌ها نشان داد که خشکی تاثیرات منفی معناداری بر خصوصیات رشدی و تبادلات گازی نهال لیموترش داشت. در این آزمایش، محلول‌پاشی با 20 گرم در لیتر نیترات پتاسیم به همراه تلقیح Bacillus subtilis CS1، Enterobacter coleacea R33 و کنسرسیوم سه سویه به عنوان بهترین ترکیب تیماری، که منجر به بهبود شاخص‌های رشدی و تبادلات گازی گردید پیشنهاد می‌شود. این ترکیب می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک راهکار مؤثر در مدیریت تنش خشکی در جهت کاهش اثرات سو تنش خشکی بر گیاه لیمو ترش مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria and Potassium Nitrate on the Growth Characteristics and Gas Exchange of Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Under Drought Stress.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soraya Moallaye Mazraei 1
  • Esmaeil Khaleghi 2
  • Naeimeh Enayatizamir 3
1 Ph.D. Student in Physiology of Production and Postharvest of Horticultural Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Professor, Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Drought is one of the environmental stresses that significantly affects plant growth, impacting morphological and physiological characteristics. This stress can lead to a reduction in photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance, ultimately resulting in decreased crop yield. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are recognized as a factor in enhancing plant resistance to drought stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of inoculation with various strains of PGPB and foliar application of potassium nitrate on the growth characteristics and gas exchange of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) to enhance drought resistance.



Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of PGPB at five levels (Enterobacter cloacae E1, Bacillus subtilis CS1, Enterobacter cloacae R33, a consortium of the three mentioned strains, and a control with no bacterial inoculation) along with foliar application of potassium nitrate at two levels (0 and 20 grams per liter) under three different irrigation regimes (40%, 70%, and 100% evapotranspiration potential) was evaluated on the growth characteristics and gas exchange of one-year-old lime seedlings (Mexican lime). The dry weight of the aerial parts and leaf area were measured once at the end of the experiment, while other parameters were collected at three time points: 60, 120, and 180 days after the start of the experiment. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications, totaling 90 experimental units.



Findings: The results showed that drought significantly reduced the gas exchange and growth characteristics of lime seedlings. Inoculation with PGPB along with the foliar application of 20 grams per liter of potassium nitrate improved the dry weight of the aerial parts under the highest drought stress, with a 36.5% increase compared to the control. The highest leaf area, measuring 1111 square meters, was observed in plants inoculated with the R33 strain and treated with 20 grams per liter of potassium nitrate. Inoculation of lime seedlings with the bacterial consortium along with the foliar application of 20 grams per liter of potassium nitrate resulted in a 61.2% increase in seedling height and a 16.6% increase in leaf number under the highest drought stress level. At the end of the experiment, the photosynthesis rate decreased by 29.9% compared to the start. Foliar application of 20 grams per liter of potassium nitrate and inoculation with PGPB improved photosynthesis. Specifically, photosynthesis in plants inoculated with Bacillus subtilis CS1 and the three-strain consortium, along with foliar application of 10 grams per liter of potassium nitrate, increased by 56.1% and 43.8%, respectively, compared to plants without potassium nitrate application and no bacterial inoculation under the same irrigation regime. Under the highest stress level, the 40% evapotranspiration potential irrigation regime, inoculation with the three-strain consortium along with foliar application of 20 grams per liter of potassium nitrate improved stomatal conductance by 333.3% compared to untreated plants. Additionally, transpiration in plants inoculated with Bacillus subtilis CS1 increased by 138.7% compared to the control. Sub-stomatal carbon dioxide concentration also increased by 69.4% in plants inoculated with Enterobacter cloacae R33 and treated with potassium nitrate compared to the control.



Conclusion: The findings indicated that drought had significant negative effects on the growth characteristics and gas exchange of lime seedlings. In this experiment, foliar application of 20 grams per liter of potassium nitrate along with inoculation with Bacillus subtilis CS1, Enterobacter cloacae R33, and the three-strain consortium is suggested as the best treatment combination, leading to improved growth indices and gas exchange. This combination could be used as an effective strategy in managing drought stress to mitigate the adverse effects of drought on lime plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • Plant growth-promoting bacteria
  • Potassium nitrate

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 32، شماره 3
مهر 1404
صفحه 135-161

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