1.Basiri, M. H., & Nadjafi, F. (2019). Effect of plant density on growth, yield and essential oil characteristics of Iranian Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) landraces. Scientia Horticulturae, 257, 108655.2.Mumivand, H., Ebrahimi, A., Morshedloo, M. R., & Shayganfar, A. (2021). Water deficit stress changes in drug yield, antioxidant enzymes activity and essential oil quality and quantity of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). Industrial Crops and Products, 164, 113381.3.Meepagala, K. M., Sturtz, G., & Wedge, D. E. (2002). Antifungal constituents of the essential oil fraction of Artemisia dracunculus L. var. dracunculus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50 (24), 6989-6992.4.Khorasani, M. H. A. (1992). Makhzan al-Adwiah (Drug Treasure). Tehran: Enqelab-e Eslami Publishing and Educational Organization. 259 p.5.Aglarova, A. M., Zilfikarov, I. N., & Severtseva, O. V. (2008). Biological characteristics and useful properties of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 42 (2), 81-86.6.Rampino, P., Pataleo, S., Gerardi, C., Mita, G., & Perrotta, C. (2006). Drought stress response in wheat: physiological and molecular analysis of resistant and sensitive genotypes. Plant, cell & environment, 29 (12), 2143-2152.7.Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, cell & environment, 25 (2), 239-250.8.Dulai, S., Molnár, I., Prónay, J., Csernák, Á., Tarnai, R., & Molnár-Láng, M. (2006). Effects of drought on photosynthetic parameters and heat stability of PSII in wheat and in Aegilops species originating from dry habitats. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 50 (1-2), 11-17.9.Parida, A. K., & Das, A. B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: a review. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 60 (3), 324-349.10.Ji, X., Shiran, B., Wan, J., Lewis, D. C., Jenkins, C. L., Condon, A. G., ... & Dolferus, R. (2010). Importance of pre‐anthesis anther sink strength for maintenance of grain number during reproductive stage water stress in wheat. Plant, Cell & Environment, 33 (6), 926-942.11.Luan, S. (2002). Signalling drought in guard cells. Plant, cell & environment, 25 (2), 229-237.12.Reddy, A. R., Chaitanya, K. V., & Vivekanandan, M. (2004). Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant metabolism in higher plants. Journal of plant physiology, 161 (11), 1189-1202.13.Hussein, H. A. A., Alshammari, S. O., Abd El-Sadek, M. E., Kenawy, S. K., & Badawy, A. A. (2023). The promotive effect of putrescine on growth, biochemical constituents, and yield
of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under water stress. Agriculture, 13 (3), 587.14.Sacala, E. (2009). Role of silicon in plant resistance to water stress. Journal of Elementology, 14 (3), 619-630.15.Abd Elbar, O. H., Farag, R. E., & Shehata, S. A. (2019). Effect of putrescine application on some growth, biochemical and anatomical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L. under drought stress. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 64 (2), 129-137.16.Aziz, A., Martin-Tanguy, J., & Larher, F. (1999). Salt stress-induced proline accumulation and changes in tyramine and polyamine levels are linked to ionic adjustment in tomato leaf discs. Plant Science, 145 (2), 83-91.17.Farooq, M., Wahid, A., & Lee, D. J. (2009). Exogenously applied polyamines increase drought tolerance of rice by improving leaf water status, photosynthesis and membrane properties. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 31, 937-945.18.Skowron, E., & Trojak, M. (2021). Effect of exogenously-applied abscisic acid, putrescine and hydrogen peroxide on drought tolerance of barley. Biologia, 76 (2), 453-468.19.Mohammadi, H., Ghorbanpour, M., & Brestic, M. (2018). Exogenous putrescine changes redox regulations and essential oil constituents in field-grown Thymus vulgaris L. under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 119-132.20.Li, L., Gu, W., Li, C., Li, W., Li, C., Li, J., & Wei, S. (2018). Exogenous spermidine improves drought tolerance in maize by enhancing the antioxidant defence system and regulating endogenous polyamine metabolism. Crop and Pasture Science, 69 (11), 1076-1091.21.Seleem, E. A., Ibrahim, H. M. S., & Taha, Z. K. (2021). Exogenous application of ascorbic acid and putrescine: A natural eco-friendly potential for alleviating NaCl stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 657-670.22.Hassan, N., Ebeed, H., & Aljaarany, A. (2020). Exogenous application of spermine and putrescine mitigate adversities of drought stress in wheat by protecting membranes and chloroplast ultra-structure. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 26 (2), 233-245.23.Lichtenthaler, H. K., & Wellburn, A. R. (1983). Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents.24.Levitt, J. (1980). Responses of plants to environmental stresses. Volume II. Water, radiation, salt, and other stresses (No. Ed. 2). Academic Press.25.Bates, L. S., Waldren, R. A., & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and soil, 39, 205-207.26.Heath, R. L., & Packer, L. (2022). Reprint of: Photoperoxidation in Isolated Chloroplasts I. Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Fatty Acid Peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 726, 109248.27.Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical biochemistry, 72 (1-2), 248-254.28.Beauchamp, C., & Fridovich, I. (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical biochemistry, 44 (1), 276-287.29.Cakmak, I., & Marschner, H. (1992). Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant physiology, 98 (4), 1222-1227.30.Nakano, Y., & Asada, K. (1981). Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and cell physiology, 22 (5), 867-880.31.Pharmacopoeia, E. (1984). General organization for governmental printing office. Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt, 31-33.32.Selahvarzi, Y., & Kamali, M. (2022). Investigation of drought resistance of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) under different levels of titanium nanoparticles. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 15 (1), 173-184.33.Abd Elbar, O. H., Farag, R. E., & Shehata, S. A. (2019). Effect of putrescine application on some growth, biochemical and anatomical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L. under drought stress. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 64 (2), 129-137.34.Al-Kandari, M., Redha, A., & Suleman, P. (2009). Polyamine accumulation and osmotic adjustment as adaptive responses to water and salinity stress in Conocarpus lancifolius. Funct. Plant Sci. Biotechnol, 3, 42-48.35.Talaat, I. M., Bekheta, M. A., & Mahgoub, M. H. (2005). Physiological response of periwinkle plants (Catharanthus roseus L.) to tryptophan and putrescine. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 7 (2), 210-213.36.Mohammadi, H., Ghorbanpour, M., & Brestic, M. (2018). Exogenous putrescine changes redox regulations and essential oil constituents in field-grown Thymus vulgaris L. under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Industrial Crops and Products, 122, 119-132.37.Singh, M., Ganesha Rao, R. S., & Ramesh, S. (1997). Irrigation and nitrogen requirement of lemongrass [Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud) Wats] on a red sandy loam soil under semiarid tropical conditions. Journal of essential oil Research, 9 (5), 569-574.38.Kusvuran, S. (2021). Microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck) alleviates drought stress of broccoli plants by improving nutrient uptake, secondary metabolites, and antioxidative defense system. Horticultural Plant Journal, 7 (3), 221-231.39.Shabankareh, H. G., Fakheri, B. A., & Vashvaii, R. M. (2016). Effects of different levels of salinity and drought stress on growth parameters and essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian journal of field crop science, 46 (4). [In Persian]
40.Foyer, C. H., Lelandais, M., & Kunert, K. J. (1994). Photooxidative stress in plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 92, 696-717.41.Besford, R. T., Richardson, C. M., Campos, J. L., & Tiburcio, A. F. (1993). Effect of polyamines on stabilization of molecular complexes in thylakoid membranes of osmotically stressed oat leaves. Planta, 189, 201-206.42.Bajji, M., Kinet, J. M., & Lutts, S. (2002). The use of the electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane stability as a water stress tolerance test in durum wheat. Plant growth regulation, 36, 61-70.43.Ghalati, R. E., Shamili, M., & Homaei, A. (2020). Effect of putrescine on biochemical and physiological characteristics of guava (Psidium guajava L.) seedlings under salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 261, 108961.44.Bouchereau, A., Aziz, A., Larher, F., & Martin-Tanguy, J. (1999). Polyamines and environmental challenges: recent development. Plant science, 140 (2), 103-125.45.Yang, Q., Wang, F., & Rao, J. (2016). Effect of putrescine treatment on chilling injury, fatty acid composition and antioxidant system in kiwifruit. PLoS One, 11 (9), e0162159.46.Terzi, R., Kadioglu, A., Kalaycioglu, E., & Saglam, A. (2014). Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment induces osmotic stress tolerance by influencing osmolyte and abscisic acid levels in maize leaves. Journal of Plant Interactions, 9 (1), 559-565.47.Nayyar, H., & Walia, D. P. (2003). Water stress induced proline accumulation in contrasting wheat genotypes as affected by calcium and abscisic acid. Biologia plantarum, 46, 275-279.48.Hatami, M., Hadian, J., & Ghorbanpour, M. (2017). Mechanisms underlying toxicity and stimulatory role of single-walled carbon nanotubes in Hyoscyamus niger during drought stress simulated by polyethylene glycol. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 324, 306-320.49.de Lacerda, C. F., Cambraia, J., Oliva, M. A., Ruiz, H. A., & Prisco, J. T. (2003). Solute accumulation and distribution during shoot and leaf development in two sorghum genotypes under salt stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 49 (2), 107-120.50.Ebeed, H. T., Hassan, N. M., & Aljarani, A. M. (2017). Exogenous applications of polyamines modulate drought responses in wheat through osmolytes accumulation, increasing free polyamine levels and regulation of polyamine biosynthetic genes. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 118, 438-448.51.Caliskan, O., Kurt, D., Temizel, K. E., & Odabas, M. S. (2017). Effect of salt stress and irrigation water on growth and development of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Open Agriculture, 2 (1), 589-594.52.Arasimowicz-Jelonek, M., Floryszak-Wieczorek, J., & Kubiś, J. (2009). Interaction between polyamine and nitric oxide signaling in adaptive responses to drought in cucumber. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 28, 177-186.53.Verma, S., & Mishra, S. N. (2005). Putrescine alleviation of growth in salt stressed Brassica juncea by inducing antioxidative defense system. Journal of plant physiology, 162 (6), 669-677.54.Toro-Funes, N., Bosch-Fusté, J., Veciana-Nogués, M. T., Izquierdo-Pulido, M., & Vidal-Carou, M. C. (2013). In vitro antioxidant activity of dietary polyamines. Food research international, 51 (1), 141-147.55.Tang, C. F., Liu, Y. G., Zeng, G. M., Li, X., Xu, W. H., Li, C. F., & Yuan, X. Z. (2005). Effects of exogenous spermidine on antioxidant system responses of Typha latifolia L. under Cd2+ stress. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47 (4), 428-434.56.Yang, M., Wang, B., Gao, J., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., & Tao, L. (2017). Spinosad induces programmed cell death involves mitochondrial dysfunction and cytochrome C release in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells. Chemosphere, 169, 155-161.57.Boguszewska, D., Grudkowska, M., & Zagdańska, B. (2010). Drought-responsive antioxidant enzymes in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Potato research, 53, 373-382.58.Hatami, M., & Ghorbanpour, M. (2014). Defense enzyme activities and biochemical variations of Pelargonium zonale in response to nanosilver application and dark storage. Turkish Journal of Biology, 38 (1), 130-139.59.Mostofa, M. G., Yoshida, N., & Fujita, M. (2014). Spermidine pretreatment enhances heat tolerance in rice seedlings through modulating antioxidative and glyoxalase systems. Plant Growth Regulation, 73, 31-44.60.Xu, S., Hu, J., Li, Y., Ma, W., Zheng, Y., & Zhu, S. (2011). Chilling tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum induced by seed priming with putrescine. Plant Growth Regulation, 63, 279-290.61.Radhakrishnan, R., & Lee, I. J. (2013). Spermine promotes acclimation to osmotic stress by modifying antioxidant, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid signals in soybean. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 32, 22-30.62.Shu, S., Yuan, L. Y., Guo, S. R., Sun, J., & Yuan, Y. H. (2013). Effects of exogenous spermine on chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant system and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in Cucumis sativus L. under salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 63, 209-216.63.Simon, J. E., Reiss-Bubenheim, D., Joly, R. J., & Charles, D. J. (1992). Water stress-induced alterations in essential oil content and composition of sweet basil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 4 (1), 71-75.64.Mandoulakani, B. A., Eyvazpour, E., & Ghadimzadeh, M. (2017). The effect of drought stress on the expression of key genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids and essential oil components in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Phytochemistry, 139, 1-7.
)