پاسخ عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد توده‌های مختلف سیاه‌دانه به پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسید هیومیک و بیوزینک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پیش‌تیمار بذر یک راهکار متداول برای افزایش درصد، سرعت و یکنواختی جوانه‌زنی و سبز شدن بذور تحت شرایط نامساعد محیطی می‌باشد که می‌تواند مقاومت در برابر تنش‌های محیطی در گیاهان را افزایش دهد. اخیراً، استفاده از انواع کودهای زیستی، آلی و عناصر کم‌مصرف جهت پیش‌تیمار کردن بذر برای بهبود کمی و کیفی محصولات زراعی رواج یافته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی واکنش عملکرد اجزای توده‌های مختلف سیاه‌دانه(Nigella sativa L.) به پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسید هیومیک و بیوزینک انجام پذیرفت.

مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان در سال زراعی 1401-1400 انجام شد که تیمارها شامل عدم پیش‌تیمار (شاهد)، پیش‌تیمار بذر با اسید هیومیک و بیوزینک و سه توده سیاه‌دانه (هندی، سوری و ایرانی) بود. یادداشت‌برداری مراحل فنولوژیکی بوته‌ها هفته‌ای 2 بار و ورود به هر مرحله فنولوژیکی، بر اساس مشاهده رسیدن 80 درصد بوته‌ها به آن مرحله در نظر گرفته شد. همچنین، پس از رسیدگی و نمو کامل بوته‌ها، صفات تعداد کپسول در بوته، تعداد دانه در کپسول، وزن دانه در کپسول، وزن کل خشک تک -بوته، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد و درصد کپسول پوک و سالم در بوته، تعداد فولیکول در هرکپسول، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد توده‌های مختلف سیاه‌دانه از نظر طی مراحل مختلف فنولوژیک متفاوت بودند؛ به‌طوریکه به مرور زمان توده هندی کمترین زمان لازم برای طی مراحل فنولوژیک را به خود اختصاص داد. بر اساس نتایج بیشترین تعداد کپسول پوک در توده سوری بدون پیش‌تیمار و کمترین مقدار این صفت برای توده هندی پیش‌تیمار شده بدست آمد و این در حالی بود که بالاترین تعداد کپسول سالم در توده هندی و ایرانی پیش‌تیمار شده مشاهده شد. همچنین بالاترین وزن کل دانه در هر بوته و وزن کل بوته نیز در توده هندی پیش‌تیمار شده با بیوزینک و اسید هیومیک رویت شد. ضمن اینکه پیش‌تیمار بذور با اسید هیومیک و بیوزیک سبب افزایش 12/2 و 71/1 درصدی وزن هزار دانه نسبت به عدم پیش‌تیمار شد. شایان ذکر است که بیشینه و کمینه عملکرد اقتصادی بدست آمده (به‌ترتیب 53/163 و 43/71 گرم در متر مربع) نیز در توده هندی پیش‌تیمار شده با بیوزینک و توده ایرانی بدون پیش‌تیمار دیده شد. بیشترین شاخص برداشت برآورد شده مربوط به توده هندی پیش‌تیمار شده با اسید هیومیک با میانگین 77/43 درصد و کمترین شاخص برداشت نیز با میانگین 53/8 درصد در توده ایرانی بدون پیش‌تیمار رویت شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: در صورتی‌که هدف دستیابی به بالاترین عملکرد دانه باشد؛ توده هندی پیش‌تیمار شده با بیوزینک و اسید هیومیک می‌تواند گزینه مناسبی جهت حصول عملکردهای بالاتر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The response of yield and yield components of different ecotypes of black cumin to seed priming with humic acid and biozinc

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faezeh Zaefarian 1
  • Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaei 2
  • Shiva Taheri 3
1 Corresponding Author, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2 Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3 Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: Seed priming is a common solution to increase the percentage, rate and uniformity of seed germination and sprouting under adverse environmental conditions, which can increase resistance to environmental stress in plants. Recently, the use of biological, organic fertilizers and micro nutreint for priming of seeds to improve the quality and quantity of crops has become popular. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the reaction of yield and yield component of different black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) ecotypes to priming of seeds with humic acid and biozinc.



Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in a factorial form based on randomized complete blocks design in three replications in the research farm of Golestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Training Center during 2022-2023 growing season. The treatments included no priming (control), seed priming with humic acid and biozinc and three black cumin ecotypes (Indian, Syrian and Iranian). Taking notes of the phenological stages of the plants twice a week and entering each phenological stage was considered based on the observation of 80% of the plants reaching that stage. Also, after the maturity of the plants, the traits of the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule, the weight of seeds per capsule, the total dry weight of a single plant, the weight of 1000 seeds, the number and percentage of hollow and filled capsules per plant, the number follicles per capsule, seed yield and harvest index were measured.



Results: The results indicated that with the passage of time, different ecotypes of black cumin were different in terms of different phenological stages; So that over time, the Indian ecotypes took the least time necessary to pass through the phenological stages. Based on the results, the highest number of hollow capsules was found in the Syrian ecotype without priming and the lowest one was obtained for the priming Indian ecotypes; while the highest number of filled capsules was observed in the priming Indian and Iranian ecotypes. Also, the highest total seed weight per plant and total plant weight were observed in the Indian ecotypes primed with biozinc and humic acid. In addition, the priming of seeds with humic and biozinc acid caused an increase of 2.12 and 1.71% in the weight of one thousand seeds compared to no priming. It is worth mentioning that the maximum and minimum economic yield obtained (163.53 and 71.43 g.m-2, respectively) were also seen in the Indian ecotypes primed with biozinc and the Iranian ecotype without priming, respectively. The highest estimated harvest index related to the Indian ecotype primed with humic acid with an average of 43.77% and the lowest one with an average of 8.53% was observed in the Iranian ecotype without priming.

Conclusion: If the goal is to achieve the highest grain yield, the Indian ecotypes with priming of biozinc and humic acid can be a suitable option to achieve higher yields.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • economic yield
  • Indian ecotypes
  • phenology
  • yield components
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