تاثیر مایه زنی قارچ های میکوریز آربوسکولار توأمان با باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر شاخص‌های رشدی و فتوسنتزی دو رقم گیاه گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی، پژوهشگاه افضلی‌پور، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

2 استادیار گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: با توجه به نقش بسزای گیاهان گیاهان دارویی از جمله گلرنگ در سطح کشور و استان کرمان، کاربرد برخی میکروارگانیسم‌ها مانند قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار و باکتری‌های محرک رشد به منظور بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاه مزبور می‌تواند حائز اهمیت باشد. گیاهان دارویی به علت داشتن متابولیت های ثانویه دارای خصوصیات دارویی مفیدی می باشند و همچنین این گیاهان در حفظ اکوسیستم‌ها، توسعه اقتصادی، امنیت غذایی، ذخایر ژنتیکی و خودکفایی دارویی نقش مهمی در سطح ملی ایفا می نمایند. به‌دلایل مختلفی کشت زراعی گیاهان دارویی چندان ساده و گاهی امکان‌پذیر نمی‌باشد از این دلایل می‌توان سرعت رشد پایین، نیازهای محیطی خاص، سرعت جوانه‌زنی پایین، دوره خفتگی بذر و حساسیت به برخی از آفات و بیماری‌ها را نام برد. از آنجائیکه در اکوسیستم های طبیعی، 90 درصد ریشه گیاهان با قارچ‌های میکوریز همزیستی دارند و حاصل این همزیستی، فعالیت قارچ در جهت جذب و انتقال عناصر غذایی به گیاه میزبان و دریافت ترکیبات کربنه حاصل از فتوسنتز گیاه میزبان توسط قارچ همزیست می‌باشد از این‌رو چنین گیاهانی، به‌دلیل جذب بیشتر عناصر غذایی و آب، دارای رشد و عملکرد بهتری هستند و تحمل بیشتری در برابر انواع تنش‌های زیستی (مانند عوامل بیماری‌زا) و غیر زیستی (مانند کمبود یا مسمومیت مواد غذایی، خشکی، شوری و عناصر سنگین) بروز می دهند . ازاینرو، استفاده از کودهای زیستی مبتنی بر قارچ‌های میکوریز آربوسکولار یکی از گزینه‌های امیدبخش به منظور توسعه سیستم‌های کشاورزی با صرفه‌جویی در منابع و مصرف ترکیبات شیمیایی و احیاء مراتع طبیعی محسوب می گردد.

مواد و روش: به این منظور، آزمایشی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده فناوری تولیدات گیاهی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار روی دو رقم گلرنگ (گلدشت و6N) انجام گردید. در این بررسی از دوگونه قارچ میکوریز آربوسکولار Funneliformis mosseae و Rhizophagus intraradicesبصورت توامان و دو گونه باکتری Bacillus subtilis و Pseudomonas putida استفاده گردید و تأثیر این تیمارها بر شاخص‌های رشدی، عملکردی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد قارچ های میکوریز آربوسکولار و باکتری ‌های محرک رشد باعث افزایش شاخص‌های رشدی، عملکردی و فتوسنتزی در هر دو رقم گلرنگ می‌گردد. به‌طور کلی رقم گلدشت واکنش بیشتری به مایه‌زنی میکروبی در مقایسه با رقم6N نشان داد. از بین تیمارها، تیمار قارچهای میکوریز و تیمار کاربرد توامان قارچ‌های میکوریز همراه با هر دو باکتری در دو رقم صفات بیشتری را تحت تاثیر قرار دادند. همچنین کاربرد توامان قارچ‌های میکوریز همراه با هر دو باکتری باعث افزایش 40 درصدی عملکرد دانه در بوته شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: اثرات متقابل بین ژنوتیپ گیاه و مایه‌زنی میکروبی بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و فتوسنتزی، نشان می‌دهد هر دو عامل می‌توانند در بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاهان دخیل باشند.در نتیجه، استفاده از ترکیبات میکروبی، به‌ویژه ترکیب قارچ میکوریزا و باکتری‌های تقویت کننده رشد، به‌عنوان یک روش پایدار و موثر برای بهبود کیفیت و عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی، قابلیت توصیه و استفاده دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation combined with plant growth-promoting bacteria on the growth and photosynthesis indices of two cultivars of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sonia Aghighi 1
  • Narges Hatami 2
  • Shokoofeh Khandani 3
1 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Plant Pathology, Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Afzalipour Research Institute, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Plant Pathology, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Student of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Considering the important role of medicinal plants including safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in Iran and Kerman province, application of some microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and growth-promoting bacteria can be important in order to improve the growth indices of safflower. Medicinal plants have useful properties due to their secondary metabolites, and also these plants play an important role in preserving ecosystems, economic development, food security and genetic reserves in Iran. Due to various reasons, the cultivation of medicinal plants is not so simple and sometimes not possible. Among these reasons, we can mention low growth speed, special environmental requirements, low germination rate, seed dormancy period, and sensitivity to some pests and diseases. Since in natural ecosystems, 90% of plant roots co-exist with mycorrhizal fungi and the result of this symbiosis is the activity of the fungus in the direction of absorbing and transferring nutrients to the host plant and receiving carbon compounds resulting from the photosynthesis of the host plant by the symbiotic fungus, therefore such plants , due to the absorption of more nutrients and water, they have better growth and performance and show greater tolerance against various biotic (such as pathogenic factors) and non-biotic (such as lack or poisoning of food, drought, salinity and heavy elements) stresses.

Materials and methods: For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahoner University of Kerman, Kerman in a factorial based on a completely randomized design in three replications on two safflower cultivars (Goldasht and 6N). In this study, two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi including Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus intraradices, and two bacterial species, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas putida were used, and the effect of these treatments on the growth, functional and physiological indices of safflower was investigated.

Results: The results showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and growth-promoting bacteria increased the growth and photosynthetic indices in both safflower cultivars. In general, Goldasht cultivar revealed more response to microbial inoculation compared to 6N cultivar. Out of all treatments, treatment of mycorrhizal fungi and combined application of mycorrhizal fungi with both bacteria in two cultivars affected more traits. The combined application of mycorrhizal fungi with both bacteria increased the seed yield in safflower by 40%.

Conclusion: The mutual effects between plant genotype and microbial inoculation on morphological and photosynthetic traits showed that both factors can be involved in improving plant growth and performance. As a result, the application of beneficial microorganisms especially the combination of mycorrhizal fungi and growth-promoting bacteria are effective and therefore recommended for improving the quality of agricultural products.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • growth parameters
  • growth-promoting bacteria
  • Carthamus tinctorius
  • arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 32، شماره 2
تیر 1404
صفحه 175-192

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