Identification of HMW glutenin subunits in cultivars and promising lines of bread wheat using STS markers

Document Type : scientific research article

Authors

1 M.Sc. Student of the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Corresponding Author, Professor of the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

3 Assistant Prof. of the Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

Abstract

Extended abstract:

Background and objectives: Improving the yield of crops from both quantitative and qualitative aspects has always been the most important goal of breeders. In wheat, the baking quality mainly depends on the amount and type of gluten-forming proteins, especially glutenin. The aim of this study was to determine bakery quality using STS markers related to high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMWG) and also to compare grain yield and some morphological traits of wheat genotypes in Golestan province.

Materials and methods: Seeds of 30 wheat genotypes, including common cultivars and promising wheat lines from Golestan province's Participatory variety selection project was planted in the farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in the form of a complete block design in 3 replications, and at the time of maturity of the plants, evaluation of agricultural traits was performed. In the laboratory, after DNA extraction and staining of PCR products using 10 pairs of STS primers, the total score of HMWG subunits for each genotype was recorded and then analyzed as the quality score of that sample.

Results: Analysis of variance showed that there was significant variation for seed yield, plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per square meter and weight of 1000 seeds. The highest seed yield was observed in cultivar Nodel and promising lines N93-9, N93-17, N92-19 and Cross5028. Significant polymorphism was observed for HMWG subunits in Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci, so that the quality score of the genotypes was estimated between 6 and 10, and 13 genotypes had received the maximum quality score (10). The size of the obtained bands for the primers and subunits observed in the Chinese spring cultivar (control) was in complete agreement with the results of other researchers. Cluster analysis based on qualitative scores classified the genotypes into four separate clusters. These clusters contained genotypes with good, favorable, medium and poor baking quality, respectively. Valuing the samples from both quantitative and qualitative aspects showed that among the studied 13 genotypes with high grain yield and high-quality score, 5 genotypes with high grain yield and low-quality score, 10 genotypes with low grain yield and high-quality score and 2 genotypes had low seed yield and quality score.

Conclusion: The results showed that the variance for seed yield and other morphological traits as well as polymorphism for HMWG was significant in the studied population. Locating Nodel, Tirgan and Marwarid in the group of varieties with high performance and quality indicated their value as a source of desirable genes. This study proved the efficiency of STS markers in improving the average bakery quality wheat and their potential for MAS.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Plant Production Research
Volume 31, Issue 4
January 2025
Pages 1-22

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