تاثیر محلول پاشی با پوترسین بر برخی پارامترهای مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

2 دانش‌آموخته دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.

چکیده

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش خشکی به‌عنوان یکی از اصلی‌ترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی، رشد و عملکرد گیاه را با تأثیر بر فرآیندهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی مختلف، مانند یکپارچگی غشا، رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، تنظیم اسمزی، روابط آب، بسته شدن روزنه ها و کاهش فعالیت فتوسنتزی کاهش می‌دهد. ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.) یکی از گونه‌های خانواده Lamiaceae است که به دلیل داشتن طیف گسترده‌ای از خواص دارویی به خوبی شناخته شده است . این گیاه به طور سنتی برای استفاده از آن برای اهداف آشپزی و عطرسازی شناخته شده است. پلی آمین‌ها گروهی از ترکیبات آلی پلی‌کاتیونی با وزن مولکولی کم و دارای دو یا چند گروه آمینی هستند و تقریباً در تمام موجودات زنده یافت می‌شوند. اثر کلی پوترسین، نه تنها در فرآیندهای رشد و نمو گیاهان شرکت می‌کند، بلکه به تحمل در برابر تنش های غیرزیستی مختلف مانند شوری، خشکی، دمای بالا و سرما کمک می-کند.

مواد و روش‌ها : این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به‌صورت گلدانی در محدوده گلخانه‌ آموزشی و پژوهشی گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده‌ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال 1396 اجرا شد. فاکتور اول تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری در مرحله شروع رشد زایشی و قطع آبیاری در 50 درصدگلدهی) و فاکتور دوم محلول‌پاشی با پوترسین در سه غلظت (0، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار) در تیمار شاهد اسپری برگی با آب مقطر انجام شد.

یافته‌ها:نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که در شرایط تنش خشکی پارامترهای رشدی مانند ارتفاع بوته، وزن وخشک ساقه، تعدادبرگ، پارمترهای فیزیولوژیکی مانند رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی، محتوای نسبی آب برگ کاهش و میزان نشت یونی و پرولین افزایش یافتند در مقابل محلول پاشی با پوترسین موجب بهبود پارامترهای رشدی و کاهش میزان نشت یونی گردید. به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (16/60 سانتی متر) وزن تر شاخساره (33/17)، میزان کلروفیل کل (11 میلی گرم در گرم وزن تر) در تیمار بدون تنش و محلول پاشی با غلظت 2 میلی مولار پوترسین بدست آمد، و کمترین میزان این صفات در تیمار قطع آبیاری در ابتدایی رشد زایشی و بدون محلول پاشی با پوترسین مشاهده گردید. بعلاوه بیشترین میزان پرولین (51/2 میکرو مول بر وزن تر) و نشت یونی (56/37 درصد) بترتیب در تیمار قطع آبیاری در شروع رشد زایشی و محلول پاشی با غلظت 2 میلی مولار پوترسین و بدون محلول پاشی حاصل شد.

نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده تنش خشکی بویژه در شروع رشد زایشی موجب کاهش پارامترهای رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گردید. از طرفی بکار بردن پوترسین بصورت محلول پاشی از تاثیر مثبت بر رنگیزه های فتوستزی و تنظیم اسمزی موجب بهبود پارامترهای رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar spraying with putrescine on some morphological and physiological parameters of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrooz Esmaielpour 1
  • Zahra Aslani 2
  • Rasoul Azarmi 3
  • Sanaz Adineh 4
1 Corresponding Author, Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil
2 Ph.D. Graduated of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
4 M.Sc. Student of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract



Background and purpose:

Drought stress, as one of the main abiotic stresses, reduces plant growth and performance by affecting various physiological and biochemical processes, such as membrane integrity, photosynthetic pigments, osmotic regulation, water relations, stomatal closure, and reducing photosynthetic activity. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the species of the Lamiaceae family, which is well known for having a wide range of medicinal properties. This plant is traditionally known for its use for culinary and perfumery purposes. Polyamines are a group of polycationic organic compounds with low molecular weight and having two or more amino groups and are found in almost all living organisms. The general effect of putresin not only participates in the growth and development processes of plants, but also helps to withstand various abiotic stresses such as salt, drought, high temperature and cold.

Materials and methods:

This factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design in pots in the educational and research greenhouse of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2016. The first factor of drought stress at three levels (complete irrigation and stop irrigation at the beginning of reproductive growth and stop irrigation at 50% of flowering) and the second factor of foliar spraying with putrescine at three concentrations (0, 1 and 2 mM) in the control treatment of leaf spray with Distilled water was used.

Findings:

The obtained results showed that under drought stress, growth parameters such as plant height, stem dry weight, number of leaves, physiological parameters such as photosynthetic pigments, the relative water content of leaves decreased and the amount of ion leakage and proline increased. While, foliar spraying with putrescine improved growth parameters and reduced ion leakage. So that the highest plant height (60.16 cm), shoot fresh weight (17.33), total chlorophyll content (11 mg/g fresh weight) in the treatment without stress and foliar spraying with a concentration of 2 mM putrescine was obtained, and the lowest amount of these traits was observed in the treatment of stopping irrigation at the beginning of reproductive growth and without foliar spraying with putrescine. In addition, the highest amount of proline (2.51 μmol/fwg-1) and ion leakage (37.56%) were obtained in the treatment of stopping irrigation at the beginning of reproductive growth and foliar spraying with a concentration of 2 mM putrescine and without foliar spraying, respectively.

Conclusion:

Based on the obtained results, drought stress, especially at the beginning of reproductive growth, caused a decrease in growth and physiological parameters. On the other hand, using putrescine as a foliar spray improved growth and physiological parameters due to its positive effect on photosynthetic pigment and osmotic regulation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: growth parameters
  • basil
  • growth regulators
  • abiotic stresses

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 32، شماره 3
مهر 1404
صفحه 163-180

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