نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد میوه کاری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز، ایران
3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی چهار محال و بختیاری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شهرکرد، ایران
4 استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objectives: The identification and evaluation of native walnut genotypes using existing genetic diversity within populations, cultivars, and genotypes is a crucial first step in breeding and improvement programs aimed at developing enhanced walnut orchards. The identification and assessment of native walnut genotypes to utilize existing genetic diversity is a critical step in walnut breeding and improvement. Failing to properly harness this diversity can lead to reduced productivity and quality in crops. To address this issue, a thorough evaluation of genotypes through morphological trait analysis and the application of statistical methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis can assist in selecting suitable parents and improving genetic and qualitative traits.
Materials and Methods: This study aimed to evaluate 20 walnut genotypes from Farsan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, to identify superior genotypes based on fruit quantity and quality traits. The selection process involved phenological observations and pomological analysis of the walnuts. Sampling took place over several months, from March to October. During this period, phenological characteristics such as the timing of leafing, flowering, and fruiting were recorded. Fifty fruits and ten leaves were collected from each tree for a comprehensive assessment. Pomological traits, including fruit weight, kernel weight, kernel percentage, and fruit shape, were evaluated according to the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) guidelines. Morphological characteristics of the leaves and fruit, as well as other tree traits like tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy area, were also measured.The analysis of these traits allowed for the identification of genotypes with higher nut yield, larger kernel size, and better overall fruit quality. The selected superior genotypes are potential candidates for further propagation and cultivation, with the aim of improving walnut production in the region.
Results: The results revealed significant diversity among the genotypes, particularly in trunk diameter, canopy area, fruit seight. Kernel weight and percaetage which showed the highest variance, while tree height, tree vigor, fruit length and width exhibited the least diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that 12 principal components accounted for 92.41% of the total variance in traits. The first to twelfth components significantly explained the variations and interactions among different traits. The biplot results for genotype separation based on various traits demonstrated that the genotypes were effectively segregated into distinct clusters, highlighting the high diversity among the studied genotypes. Cluster analysis using the Ward and furthest neighbor methods, with the dendrogram cut at a genetic distance of 14, grouped the genotypes into five distinct clusters. This clustering aids in identifying morphological diversity and selecting suitable parents for breeding programs.
Conculsion:The results of this study can be particularly useful in parent selection and breeding strategies to improve the genetic and qualitative traits of the plants.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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