نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان
3 گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان،
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Background and Objective: Edible oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus spp. are the second most important cultivated mushrooms worldwide, accounting for 25% of the total global production of edible mushrooms. These mushrooms are primary decomposers that can easily grow on lignocellulosic resources, including decayed wood and agricultural residues such as grain stubble and sawdust, etc. The culture medium and the mushroom species can be important factors in increasing mushroom yield, quality in bioconversion, and biological efficiency. The oyster mushroom culture medium determines the rate of mycelium development and mushroom production and yield. Improper culture medium causes abnormal mycelium growth, which leads to a decrease in the nutritional value of the mushroom and a decrease in yield. The method of preparing the culture medium and using nutritional supplements affects the yield and quality of edible mushrooms. This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of culture medium and nutritional supplements, including wheat bran and soybean flour, on improving the yield and growth of edible oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus florida, and Pleurotus eryngii.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in 2020 in the edible mushroom cultivation hall located at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The primary inoculum of oyster mushrooms, Pleurotus florida (Mont), and P. eryngii species were prepared from the mushroom collection of the Plant Protection Department. In this study, wheat straw and sawdust were used as substrates in equal proportions for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, and wheat straw was used for the cultivation of Pleurotus florida. Nutritional supplements, including wheat bran and soybean flour, were added to the substrates at five levels (0, 2, 8, 12, and 20 percent of the fresh weight of the substrate). This experiment was conducted using a factorial design with 4 replications. Approximately four weeks after cultivation and after the caps reached the appropriate size, harvesting was carried out, and in order to investigate the effect of nutritional supplements, initial yield (first arrow), total yield (harvested in three stages), number of fruiting bodies, length of spawn run period, biological efficiency, and protein content in each culture bed were calculated. Yield was evaluated based on the total weight of mushrooms harvested from each bed block during the three growth phases. Fruiting body protein content was also calculated by measuring nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method.
Results: In this study, the shortest vegetative period and the lowest number of fruiting bodies in both mushroom species belonged to the 20% soybean flour treatment. On the other hand, based on the results of this study, the growth period of the P. eryngii species was recorded less than that of P. florida. The highest average biological efficiency in the P. florida species was attributed to the wheat bran treatment at 20% with an average of 23.47 g. In both species studied, the lowest biological efficiency was attributed to soybean flour at 20%. According to the results obtained, the highest average yield in P. florida was observed in the wheat bran treatment at 20% (164.33 g) and the lowest in the soybean flour treatment (65.41 g). The highest yield in P. eryngii was obtained in the control treatment (29 percent) and the lowest in the soybean flour treatment at 20%. The highest protein percentage (55%) was also obtained in P. eryngii with wheat bran treatment.
Conclusion: In this study, wheat bran supplements had greater mycelium growth periods, biological efficiency, and yield than other supplements.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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