نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجو دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
2 دانشیار،گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
3 گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The quinoa plant with its scientific name (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudo-cereal and is native to the Andes mountains in South America. It is an annual, dicotyledonous, allotetraploid (2n=4x=36) and Autogamy plant from the Amaranthaceae family and the Chenopodioideae subfamily. Quinoa seeds are a very valuable food item with high carbohydrates, quality protein, it contains fat, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals. This research was conducted to investigate mycorrhiza and phosphorus fertilizer on some phytochemical and growth characteristics of quinoa under mixed cultivation conditions using replacement method.
Materials and methods:The experiment was carried out at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, using a factorial arrangement within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments consisted of three main factors: cropping pattern, phosphorus application, and mycorrhizal biofertilizer. The cropping pattern included five levels: sole cropping of quinoa, 75% quinoa + 25% guar, 50% quinoa + 50% guar, 25% quinoa + 75% guar, and sole cropping of guar. Phosphorus was applied at three levels (0, 50, and 100 kg/ha), and mycorrhizal biofertilizer was used at two levels (with and without application). The measured traits included yield and its components, as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics. Data analysis was performed using SAS software version 9.1, and mean comparisons were conducted using the LSD test at a 5% probability level.
Results: The results indicated that the highest quinoa grain yield (2,410.5 kg/ha) was obtained with the application of 50 kg phosphorus per hectare, while the lowest yield (1,502.3 kg/ha) was observed in the untreated control. The highest protein content in quinoa (15.31%) was recorded under sole cropping of quinoa, whereas the lowest value (14.2%) occurred in the control treatment without phosphorus and mycorrhiza application. The maximum flavonoid content (66.80 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (78.21%) were observed in the 50:50 intercropping ratio treated with mycorrhiza. The highest fatty acid content (15.8%) was achieved under the 50% quinoa cropping pattern with 50 kg/ha phosphorus, while the lowest (8.68%) was recorded in the 25% quinoa + 75% guar pattern with 100 kg/ha phosphorus. The tallest plant height (81.3 cm) was observed with mycorrhiza application and 50 kg/ha phosphorus, whereas the shortest (56.3 cm) was found in the absence of both mycorrhiza and phosphorus. Regarding photosynthetic pigments, the highest chlorophyll a (2.16 mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.66 mg/g), and total chlorophyll (2.77 mg/g) contents were recorded under sole quinoa cropping combined with 50 kg/ha phosphorus and mycorrhiza application. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.85) was also obtained under the treatment with 50 kg/ha phosphorus and mycorrhiza application.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, intercropping combined with phosphorus fertilizer and mycorrhizal biofertilizer had a positive impact on the functional and biochemical traits of quinoa.
Keywords: Cropping pattern, Antioxidant activity, Biochemical traits, Protein, Biofertilizer
کلیدواژهها [English]
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