نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه زراعت دانشگاه زابل
2 دانشگاه زابل
3 پژوهشکده کشاورزی پژوهشگاه زابل،
4 گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract:
Background and Objective: Drought is one of the most significant threats to crop production worldwide, causing morphophysiological and biochemical changes in plants that negatively affect their growth and yield. The application of inputs that can enhance plant performance under drought conditions is of great importance. Proper plant nutrition and mitigation of various stresses using modern agricultural practices, such as the application of zeolite and biochar, are considered effective strategies to help plants tolerate stress.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of biochar and zeolite on morphophysiological, biochemical, and yield characteristics of safflower under drought stress conditions. The experiment was carried out as a split-factorial design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2022–2023 growing season at the agricultural research field of Zabol Research Institute. The main factor consisted of irrigation levels at 100%, 75%, and 50% of field capacity, while the sub-factors included combinations of zeolite and biochar, each applied at three levels: no application, 2.5%, and 5% of soil bulk density. The evaluated traits included stem diameter, number of capitula per plant, floret weight per plant, grain and biological yield, ion leakage, carbohydrate content, polyphenol oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and grain phosphorus and potassium content. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.1 software, and mean comparisons were performed at a 5% probability level using the LSD test.
Findings: The analysis of variance revealed that the interaction of drought stress × biochar × zeolite significantly affected stem diameter, number of capitula per plant, floret weight per plant, grain and biological yield, ion leakage, carbohydrate content, polyphenol oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and grain phosphorus and potassium content. Based on mean comparisons, the highest grain yield was observed in the treatment with irrigation at 75% field capacity combined with 2.5% biochar and 5% zeolite, which was not significantly different from the application of 5% biochar and zeolite under the same drought level. The highest values for the number of capitula per plant, floret weight per plant, carbohydrate content, and grain phosphorus and potassium were recorded in the treatment with irrigation at 100% field capacity combined with 5% biochar and zeolite. Conversely, the highest ion leakage, polyphenol oxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase levels were observed under irrigation at 50% field capacity with no fertilizer application.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the combined application of biochar and zeolite under increasing drought stress can mitigate the adverse effects of water scarcity, significantly improving the morphophysiological, biochemical, and yield characteristics of safflower. It can be inferred that the use of zeolite and biochar under drought conditions may play a significant role in reducing the severity of drought stress damage to safflower. The adoption of inputs that enhance the ecological aspects of the system and reduce environmental risks can be suitable for advancing the goals of sustainable agriculture.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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