نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار پژوهشی پژوهشکده میوه های معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
2 استادیار پژوهشی پژوهشکده خرما و میوههای گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Hazelnut is an economically important crop both in Iran and in the world. It is cultivated and used in more than 20 countries of the world, mainly in large water basins such as the Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Pacific Ocean. In Iran, Guilan Province has the largest area under cultivation and production of hazelnuts. Considering that most of the varieties cultivated in Iran are indigenous and local genotypes with low yield and quality, replacing local varieties with suitable commercial varieties will improve yield and increase income from product sales and exports.
Materials and methods: This research was conducted to evaluate hazelnut cultivars introduced
from Russia in Eshkevarat area of Rudsar County, Gilan Province, at an altitude of 1850 masl, in a randomized complete block design with five replications (each replication three uniform and same-aged suckers of each cultivar). Six cultivars Vartashen, Chelsea, Sochi, Kalib, Qafqaz, Prehistorica along with common local cultivar in the region (Gord Eshkvar) were planted in regular rows and spaced at 4×4m. Adaptation to the environment and the morphophysiological traits such as the length of the current season's shoot, the number of buds per shoot, the height of the seedling, the number of male flowers (catkins), and fruit characteristics, including the number of fruits, fruit weight with shell, nut weight,, kernel weight, and yield were studied during two consecutive years.
Results: The results of the study showed that significant differences were observed between the studied cultivars in terms of measured traits. Among the cultivars studied, the Qafqaz cultivar showed the highest shoot length and number of buds per shoot. The seedling length in the Qafqaz cultivar (170.45 cm) was higher than other cultivars and the lowest value was observed in the Sochi cultivar (118.83 cm). The highest number of catkin in the studied cultivars was observed in the Vartashen cultivar and the lowest number was observed in the Qafqaz cultivar. The average number of hazelnuts per cluster was highest in the Vartashen cultivar (3.73) and lowest in the Kalib cultivar (1.07). The highest fruit weight with shell and nut weight were observed in Chelsea and Prehistorica cultivars, respectively. Despite having a higher number of nut and yield, the Vartashen cultivar had the lowest fruit weight with the shell, similar to the Gord Eshkvar. The lowest nut weight was observed in the local cultivar. The Prehistorica cultivar with 1.61 gr and the Chelsea cultivar with 1.35 gr showed the highest kernel weight. Regarding the shell weight trait, the highest value was related to the Chelsea cultivar and the lowest value was related to the Vartashen cultivar. Correlation coefficients showed that there was a significant correlation between some of the measured traits, such as vegetative traits and nut weight and kernel weight.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of the evaluation conducted in the first two years after planting showed that the introduced cultivars Vartashen, Prehistorica and Chelsea cultivars were superior to the local cultivar Gord Eshkvar in terms of vegetative, pomological and yield traits. Vartashen cultivar showed high potential in terms of quantity, with higher catkin and higher yield, although the fruit weight with shell was lowe in this cultivar. In contrast, the cultivars Prehistorica and Chelsea, with higher fruit and nut weight, were at a more desirable level in terms of product quality. This study highlights the potential of replacing imported hazelnut cultivars with low-yielding local cultivars in Iran. By selecting the right cultivars, farmers can significantly improve productivity and profitability. However, the final recommendation will be made after evaluation in subsequent years when sustainable performance is achieved.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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