نوع مقاله : پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 پژوهشکده چای، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، لاهیجان، ایران
2 استادیار، پژوهشکده چای، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، لاهیجان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of different and common tillage methods on the yield, yield components of tea and to determine the best type of tillage by considering the yield and their economic efficiency.Long-term exploitation of soil in tea plantations causes depletion of elements and soil deterioration. Also, high human traffic, the use of some operation and harvesting machines in succession in tea plantations causes soil hardening and compaction and reduces the quantitative and qualitative yield of tea. The choice of tillage method and the type of equipment used during tillage have a great impact on the physical properties of the soil and ultimately the yield of the crop.Experiment were performed in the form of a randomized complete block design with 11 treatments (three replications) including tillage in winter (without spring tillage) in the form of Soil cultivator KR-35A model (M-N), tillage with a farming shovel (B-N) and tillage with a rake hoe (G-N); tillage in spring as plowing with rake hoe (N-G) and tillage with hoe (N-F) and tillage in winter + spring as farming shovel + hoe (B-F), rake hoe + rake hoe (G-G), rake hoe + hoe (G-F) , machine + hoe (M-F) and machine + machine (M-M) and treatment without tillage or control (N-N). Statistical analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of applying these treatments on tea yield and yield components and economic analysis was conducted to determine the best method and their application. The results of analysis of variance showed that the experimental treatments had a significant effect on the fresh weight of green tea leaves (yield), average shoot mass and number of harvestable shoots (P<0.01). Accordingly, compared to the control, some tillage methods improved the yield and yield components of tea. Tillage operations with machines in the form of M-N, M-F and M-M increased green leaf yield by 22.7, 17.8 and 16.5 percent, respectively (two-year averages of 4005, 3822 and 3796 kg/ha), and with farming shovel in the form of B-N and B-F increased green leaf yield by 15.9 and 14.1 percent (two-year averages of 3793 and 3730 kg/ha) compared to the control. There was a similar increasing trend in the number and mass of harvestable shoots in all tillage treatments (soil cultivator and farming shovel) compared to the control. For example, the increase in yield of the best treatment, winter tillage with tillage, compared to the control resulted in a 23.3% increase in the number of harvestable shoots and a 4.4% increase in shoot mass. For example, the increase in yield in the best treatment, winter tillage with soil cultivator, compared to the control, resulted in a 23.3% increase in the number of harvestable shoots and a 4.4% increase in shoot mass. This indicates that the effect of this type of tillage on increasing the number of shoots is greater than the effect on shoot mass. Economically, the M-N treatment had the highest net income and rate of return. In general, for different tillage machines and equipment, tillage only in winter to a depth of 20 cm (such as the M-N and B-N treatments) produced better results than shallow tillage only in spring or plowing at both times.Semi-deep tillage (about 20 cm) with soil cultivator and a farming shovel can increase tea yield. Taking into account economic considerations, the best way to improve productivity and increase yields in tea plantations is to carry out tillage operations with soil cultivator or a farming shovel in winter.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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