ارزیابی ویژگی‌های کشت مخلوط جایگزینی و افزایشی سیر (Allium sativum L.) و نخود فرنگی (Pisum sativum L.) در دو منطقه گنبد کاووس و ساری

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه گنبدکاووس و عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استادیار دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

3 پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه کشت مخلوط به عنوان راهکاری جهت استفاده بهینه از نهاده‌ها، کاهش مصرف آفت‌کش‌ها و تولید محصول سالم در زراعت مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. اغلب مطالعه‌های صورت گرفته در زمینه کشت مخلوط بیانگر برتری عملکرد نظام چندکشتی در مقایسه با نظام‌های تک کشتی است. با توجه به سازگاری دو گیاه سیر و نخود فرنگی نسبت به شرایط آب و هوایی شمال کشور و مطالعه‌های اندک در خصوص کشت مخلوط این دو گیاه، پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور ارزیابی و تعیین مناسب‌ترین تیمار کشت مخلوط سیر و نخود فرنگی از لحاظ میزان عملکرد کمی و کیفی در دو منطقه متفاوت طراحی و اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه گنبد‌کاووس و ساری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی در نه سطح شامل کشت خالص سیر، کشت خالص نخود فرنگی، مخلوط جایگزینی 25% : 75%، 50% :50% ، 75% : 25%، مخلوط افزایشی 25% + 100%، 50% +100%، 75% + 100%، 100% + 100% نخود فرنگی و سیر بودند. تراکم هر دو گیاه سیر و نخودفرنگی ثابت و 33 بوته در متر مربع بود.
یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه میانگین عملکرد بیولوژیک سیر در گنبد کاووس 27/2357 گرم در متر‌مربع شد، که نسبت به ساری بیش از 10 درصد کاهش نشان داد. میانگین درصد گوگرد سوخ در گنبدکاووس و ساری به‌ترتیب 81/0و 94/0 به‌دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد سوخ در واحد سطح در سطوح متقابل آرایش کاشت و مکان، در کشت خالص سیر و در ساری با میانگین 42/1193 گرم در متر مربع به‌دست آمد. عملکرد دانه نخود فرنگی در گنبد کاووس و ساری به‌ترتیب با میانگین 23/399 و 17/736 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود. عملکرد دانه نخود فرنگی در تیمار افزایشی کاشت 100% سیر + 100% نخود فرنگی 3/53 گرم در متر مربع بود که پس از شاهد در رتبه دوم قرار گرفت. نیتروژن و فسفر موجود در دانه نخودفرنگی در ساری به ترتیب 85/4 و 29/0 درصد بود که نسبت به گنبدکاووس به‌ترتیب سه و 5/11 درصد افزایش داشت. بیشترین پتاسیم موجود در دانه در برهمکنش مکان و آرایش کاشت مربوط به ترکیب 25% نخود فرنگی + 100 سیر در ساری با میانگین 53/1 درصد بود. بیشترین نسبت برابری زمین (76/1)، ضریب نسبی تراکم (4/7)، غالبیت (79/0) و ارزش نسبی کل (53/1) به‌ترتیب در ترکیب کاشت 75، 100 ، 25 و 75% نخود فرنگی+ 100% سیر در منطقه ساری به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع نتایج بدست‌آمده از این پژوهش نشان داد که در بین تیمارهای جایگزینی و افزایشی کشت مخلوط، ترکیب-های افزایشی در گنبد کاووس بر عملکرد نخود فرنگی و کشت خالص سیر بهترین نوع ترکیب کشت از نظر بهبود عملکرد در هر دو منطقه بود هر چند میزان این افزایش در ساری نسبت به گنبد کاووس بیشتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation the characteristics of additive and replacement series of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) intercropping in Gonbad Kavoos and Sari regions

چکیده [English]

Backgrounds and objectives: Nowadays, intercropping is highlighted as a solution to optimize usage of inputs, to decline pesticides and to produce safe food in agriculture. The previous studies represent relative advantages of multiple cropping versus sole cropping. Since, garlic and pea are well-adapted plants to northern Iran climatic conditions and there were no comprehensive studies about their intercropping, the present study was aimed to evaluate and determine the best intercropping treatment between garlic and pea in terms of yield.

Materials and methods: The research was conducted at research farm of Gonbad Kavoos University and Sari during 2013-2014. The experiment was arranged based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were nine levels including sole cropping of garlic and pea and replacement series of 25:75, 50:50 and 75%:25% pea: garlic and additive series of 25, 50, 75 and 100% pea +100% garlic.

Results: The biological yield of garlic in Gonbad region (2357.21 g/m2) was 10 percent lower than Sari region. Means sulfur percentage in garlic bulb was recorded 0.81 and 0.94 for Gonbad Kavoos and Sari, respectively. The maximum bulb yield (1193.42 g/m2) was belonged to sole cropping of garlic in Sari conditions. Seed yield of pea was 399.3 and 736.17 kg/ha in Gonbad Kavoos and Sari, respectively. Results indicated that the maximum seed yield of pea was recorded in sole cropping and followed by additive series of 100% garlic + 100% pea by 53.3 g/m2. In Sari region, the seed nitrogen and phosphorous content in was 4.85 and 0.29 %, respectively and was 3 and 11.5 % more than Gonbad. The maximum seed potassium (1.53%) was related to additive series of 25% pea + 100% garlic in Sari conditions. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.76), relative crowding coefficient (7.4), aggressivity (0.79) and relative value total (1.53) was recorded when additive series of 75, 25, 100 and 75 % of pea + 100% garlic intercropped in Sari climatic conditions, respectively.
was related to additive series of 25% pea + 100% garlic in Sari conditions. The highest land equivalent ratio (1.76), relative crowding coefficient (7.4), aggressivity (0.79) and relative value total (1.53) was recorded when additive series of 75, 25, 100 and 75 % of pea + 100% garlic intercropped in Sari climatic conditions, respectively.

Conclusion: Overall, results of different additive and replacement series of intercropping showed that the additive series intercropping of 75 and 100 % pea + 100% garlic resulted the maximum quantitative and qualitative yield in both studied regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Garlic
  • pea
  • Land Equivalent Ratio
  • relative crowding coefficient
  • relative value total
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