بررسی بهترین زمان خارج سازی بوته های انگور از زیر خاک به منظور پیشگیری از سرمازدگی بازتابشی بهاره

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 1دانشجوی دکتری، پژوهشکده انگور و کشمش، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 استاد دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار فیزیولوژی و اصلاح درختان میوه، دانشگاه ملایر

4 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی قزوین

5 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: بدلیل وابستگی زیاد باغداران نسبت به درآمد حاصل از تولید انگور در بسیاری از مناطق کشور، وقوع سرمای بهاره در بعضی سالها خسارات قابل توجه به معیشت سالیانه آنان وارد می نماید. به دلیل توسعه باغات انگور در مناطق سرد، بسیاری از باغداران این مناطق برای مصون ماندن تاک ها نسبت به سرمای پاییز، زمستان و اوایل بهار، تاک های تربیت یافته در سیستم تربیت خزنده را در فصل پاییز زیر خاک می نمایند. هدف از این آزمایش تعیین بهترین زمان خارج سازی بوته های انگور رقم بیدانه سفید از خاک طی دوره زمانی اواخر زمستان تا اوایل بهار بود تا جوانه ها کمترین خسارت احتمالی در مقابل سرماهای زودرس بهاره را داشته باشند.

مواد و روش ها: آزمایش در طی دو سال (از اسفند 1393 تا اردیبهشت 1395)در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با 6 تکرار و 3 تیمار در تاکستانهای شهرستان شازند استان مرکزی به انجام رسید. تیمارها شامل: :T1 خارج سازی بوته ها در 25 اسفند T2: خارج سازی بوته ها در 15 فروردین و T3: خارج سازی بوته ها در 4 اردیبهشت (شاهد1) بود که با دو سرمای طبیعی در تاریخ های 6/2/1394 و 15/1/1395 مواجه شدند. علاوه برآن بعد از هر مرحله خارج سازی تاک از زیر خاک دو مرحله سرمای مصنوعی بر روی جوانه شاخه های یکساله با دماهای 0، 4-، 8- و 12- درجه سانتی گراد اعمال شد.

یافته ها: بر طبق نتایج بدست آمده، تیمار زمانی پانزدهم فروردین بعد از اعمال سرمای مصنوعی کمترین نشت الکترولیت را در دماهای صفر تا 8 درجه سانتی گراد نشان داد. درصد جوانه های سبز شده در بین تیمارها بعد از مواجه شدن با سرما زدگی طبیعی بهاره تفاوت معنی داری نداشت. علاوه بر این در سال اول درصد جوانه های بارده در تیمار زمانی 25 اسفند (به مقدار 29 درصد) در مقایسه با تیمارهای زمانی 15 فروردین و 6 اردیبهشت (شاهد) بیشترین بود. همچنین مقادیر کربوهیدرات های محلول به ترتیب زمان خارج سازی بوته ها کاهش و بالعکس مقادیر پرولین و درصد محتوی آب جوانه ها افزایش داشت. در سال دوم مقادیر کربوهیدرات محلول تیمارها که در زمانی واحد اندازه گیری شد، تیمار 15 فروردین بیشترین مقدار را داشت و درصد مواد جامد محلول میوه در تیمار مذکور نسبت به سایر تیمارها افزایش یافت.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که بهترین زمان خارج سازی تاک از خاک پانزدهم فروردین است و این زمان با توجه به تغییرات دما در دو سال آزمایش برای رشد بهتر و درصد بالای جوانه های بارده مناسب تر است. ضمن آنکه درصد مواد جامد محلول میوه در این تاریخ تفاوت معنی دار نسبت به دو تیمار دیگر داشت و میوه ها در این تیمار زمانی PH بیشتر و درصد اسید آلی کمتر داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Suitable Time for Removal Vine Protection Soil to Prevent Frostbite Damage of Spring Reflection

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Hosein Abadi 1
  • Ali Ebadi 2
  • Mousa Rasouli 3
  • Mohammad Ali Nejatiyan 4
  • Ahmad Ershadi 5
1 PhD student, Research Institute of Grapes and Raisins, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
2
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
4
5 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: According to the high dependence of the proceeds from the production of grape growers in many parts of the Iran, the occurrence of spring frosts can sometimes cause considerable losses in their annual livelihoods. Due to the development of grape vines in cold regions, many farmers use ‘Kazandeh’ training system, to protect the trunks and canes from freezing damage by the soil in the fall and winter seasons. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the best time for bringing out vines ‘BidaneSefid’ cultivar, from the subsoil from late winter to early spring. In addatin the buds have the least possible damage against the early spring frostbite.

Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted in two years (from March 2014 to April 2016) with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 replications and 3 tratments in Khosbijan, Shazand, Iran. The treatments consist of removing out trunks and canes from the soil at three times included T1:16th March T2: 4th April T3: 24th April (as control). In the two years of the experiment occourred spring frostbite in dates of 26th April 2015 and 3th April 2016. In addition two artificial cold stages were applied on the buds of canes at temperatures of 0, -4, -8 and -12 ° C.

Results: In this research, Treatment T2 showed the lowest electrolyte leakage at artificial temperatures 0 to - 8 °C and percentage of sprouted buds was not significantly different between treatments after occourred spring frostbite. Furthermore in first year fruiting buds percent was higher in the treatment T1 compared to other treatments and in the order of time, the removal soil of vines, the soluble carbohydrates decreased, proline and the percentage of water content of the buds increased respectively. In second year buds soluble carbohydrate had the highest amount in treatment 2 when was measured at one time. In addition, soluble solid of fruit in this treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.

Conclusion: Generally the best time to remove vines from under the soil was 4th April. This date, with regard to the process of temperature variation in two-year experiment coincided with the appropriate time for growth and a good percentage of fetal buds. Meanwhile, percentage soluble solids (TSS) in fruit at this date were significantly better from the other two treatments and fruits in this treatment had lower pH content and lower organic matter percentages.
Generally the best time to remove vines from under the soil was 4th April. This date, with regard to the process of temperature variation in two-year experiment coincided with the appropriate time for growth and a good percentage of fetal buds. Meanwhile, percentage soluble solids (TSS) in fruit at this date were significantly better from the other two treatments and fruits in this treatment had lower pH content and lower organic matter percentages.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Grape ‘BidanehSefide’ cultivar
  • Buried vines
  • Electrolyte leakage
  • ‘Kazandeh’ training system
  • Sprouted buds Percent
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