تغییرات عملکرد، خصوصیات رویشی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی توت‌فرنگی رقم آروماس (Aromas) تحت تأثیر هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی ناشی از کلرید سدیم

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان، بخش علوم باغبانی

3 گروه باغبانی دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: اغلب مناطق ایران خشک و نیمه‌خشک بوده و آب آبیاری در این مناطق دارای هدایت الکتریکی بالا بوده و اکثراً شور می‌باشند. اصلاح آب و خاک‌های شور فرآیندی هزینه‌بر و زمان‌بر بوده و عملاً امکان‌پذیر نیست. بنابراین ارزیابی میزان تحمل گونه‌ها و ارقام مختلف گیاهی به شوری جهت کشت در این مناطق امری ضروری است. توت‌فرنگی (Fragaria ananassa Dusch.) از ریز‌میوه‌هایی است که بواسطه‌ی ترکیبات مغذی فراوان و طعم و مزه‌ی مطلوبی که دارد، تقاضای بالایی در بازار دارد. این ریزمیوه دارای ارقام مختلف با میزان عملکرد و حساسیت‌های متفاوت به تنش‌ها می‌باشد. لذا در این پژوهش میزان حساسیت توت-فرنگی رقم آروماس به سطوح مختلف هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی بر عملکرد و خصوصیات رویشی، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی توت‌فرنگی رقم آروماس، آزمایشی بصورت گلدانی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در مرکز پژوهشی به نژادی و به زراعی توت‌فرنگی دانشگاه کردستان اجرا گردید. بستر کشت کوکوپیت و پرلیت با نسبت مساوی و محلول غذایی مورد استفاده، هوگلند تغییر یافته بود. سطوح مختلف هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی (7/0، 2، 3، 4 و 5 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) با اضافه کردن کلرید سدیم به آن آماده گردید. برای ارزیابی‌های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی از نمونه‌های برگی فریز شده استفاده گردید. سپس در انتهای دوره آزمایش خصوصیات عملکردی بوته‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد و داده‌های بدست توسط نرم افزار SAS آنالیز شده و مقایسه میانگین‌ها به روش LSD انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس بیانگر تأثیر معنی‌دار هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی بر تمام صفات اندازه‌گیری شده بود. بیشترین میانگین تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، وزن خشک برگ، حجم ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه، تعداد طوقه، وزن خشک طوقه، وزن خشک کل بوته، تعداد میوه، وزن تک میوه و عملکرد کل میوه متعلق به بوته‌های آبیاری شده با محلول غذایی با هدایت الکتریکی 7/0 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود و با افزایش هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی، از میزان صفات یاد شده کاسته شد. همچنین بیشترین محتوی نسبی آب برگ، شاخص پایداری غشاء سلولی، پروتئین‌های محلول کل، کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید و پتاسیم برگ متعلق به بوته‌های تیمار 7/0 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. در حالیکه بیشترین میزان کربوهیدرات‌های محلول کل، پرولین، پراکسید هیدروژن، میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، مالون دی‌آلدهید و سدیم برگ در بوته‌هایی مشاهده شد که محلول غذایی با هدایت الکتریکی 5 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر را دریافت نموده بودند. شیب کاهش عملکرد، 02/49 به ازای افزایش هر واحد هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی بدست آمد و آستانه‌ی تحمل به شوری این رقم بر اساس عملکرد میوه و ماده خشک کل، کمتر از 2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس یافته‌های تحقیق حاضر، توت‌فرنگی رقم آروماس به شدت تحت تأثیر هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی قرار گرفت و خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی آن بطور معنی‌داری تغییر یافتند. براساس مشاهدات، به نظر می‌رسد رقم آروماس توانایی تحمل هدایت الکتریکی بالای محلول غذایی را نداشته و بایستی برای دست‌یابی به عملکرد مطلوب این رقم، از محلول‌های غذایی با هدایت الکتریکی کمتر از 2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر استفاده گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in yield, vegetative, physiological and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Aromas under effect of electrical conductivity of nutrient solution caused by sodium chloride

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akhtar Yousefi 1
  • Nasser Ghaderi 2
  • jalal khorshidi 3
1 Department of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Department of Horticulture Science, Agricultural Faculty, University of Kurdistan,Sanandaj
3 Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Kurdistan
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The most regions of Iran are arid and semi-arid and electrical conductivity of irrigation water in these regions is high and often is salty. The improvement of saline water and soils is costly and time-consuming and it is practically impossible. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the tolerance of various plant species and cultivars to salinity for cultivation in these areas. Strawberry is one of the small fruits which has a high demand in the market due to high nutritional value and favorable taste. Strawberry has various cultivars with different yield and sensitivity to stress. Therefore, this research evaluated the sensitivity of "Aromas" cultivar to different levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution.
Materials and methods: In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of electrical conductivity of nutrient solution on morphological, yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of "Aromas" cultivar of strawberry, an experiment was performed as pot based on the completely randomized design in the Research Center of Strawberry Breeding and Improvement of the University of Kurdistan. The culture media was cocopeat perlite with equal ratio and the nutrient solution was modified Hoagland. Different levels of electrical conductivity of a nutrient solution (0.7, 2, 3, 4 and 5 dS/m) were prepared by adding sodium chloride. Frozen leaf samples were used for physiological and biochemical evaluations. Then, at the end of the experiment period, the functional characteristics of plants were measured and the obtained data were analyzed by SAS software and mean comparison was done by the LSD method.
Results: The results of variance analysis showed that the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution had a significant effect on all of the measured traits. The highest mean number of leaf, leaf area, leaf dry weight, root volume, root dry weight, number of crown, crown dry weight, dry weight of whole plant, number of fruit, single fruit weight and total fruit yield belonged to control plants (irrigated with nutrient solution with electrical conductivity of 0.7 dS/m) and with increasing electrical conductivity of nutrient solution, the amount of mentioned factors decreased. Moreover, the highest relative water content of leaf, membrane stability index, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll, carotenoids and potassium of leaf belonged to 0.7 dS/m treatment. While the highest total soluble carbohydrates, proline, hydrogen peroxide, the activity of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, malondialdehyde and sodium of leaf were observed in plants that received a nutrient solution with electrical conductivity of 5 dS/m. The slope of yield loss was 49.02 for each unit of electrical conductivity of nutrient solution and the salt tolerance threshold of this cultivar was less than 2 dS/m based on total fruit yield and biomass.
Conclusion: Overall, based on the findings of this research, the "Aromas" cultivar was strongly influenced by the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution and its morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield properties changed significantly. Based on the observations, it seems that Aromas cultivar is not able to withstand high electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution and to achieve optimal performance of this cultivar, nutrient solutions with electrical conductivity of less than 2 dS/m should be used.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Peroxidase
  • Proline
  • Salinity
  • Carbohydrate
  • Fruit weight

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 26، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 283-298

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