تاثیر اسید سالیسیلیک بر کارایی فیزیولوژیکی نیتروژن و مصرف آب جو در شرایط قطع آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه زراعت، واحد سبزوار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش بر فعالیت‌های فیزیولوژیکی گیاه تاثیر گذاشته و مانع رشد و تقسیم سلولی می‌شود و در نهایت سبب کاهش عملکرد در گیاهان می‌شود. کاربرد موادی که بتواند اثرات خشکی را کم کند می‌تواند در جلوگیری از کاهش بیش از حد عملکرد گیاهان زراعی موثر باشد. هدف از این مطالعه تاثیر سالسیلیک اسید در کاهش اثرات قطع آبیاری بر عملکرد، کارآیی فیزیولوژیکی نیتروژن، کارایی مصرف آب و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی جو بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تاثیر سالیسیلیک اسید بر کارآیی فیزیولوژیکی نیتروژن و مصرف آب و برخی خصوصیات جو در شرایط تنش خشکی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396 به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان سبزوار انجام شد. تیمار‌ها شامل آبیاری در دو سطح تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری از مرحله آبستنی(کد 49 زادوکس) تا برداشت) و آبیاری کامل و تیمار محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در چهار سطح صفر (شاهد)، دو، چهار و شش میلی مولار در مرحله ساقه‌دهی(کد 39 زادوکس) روی جو اجرا شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در هر دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی بیشترین تعداد سنبله، تعداد دانه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی در متر مربع به ترتیب در تیمار محلول پاشی دو تا شش میلی مولار سالسیلیک اسید و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. کمترین کارایی مصرف آب در شرایط آبیاری کامل و بدون مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید حاصل شد و با مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید تا شش میلی مولار کارایی مصرف آب افزایش یافت. در هر دو شرایط آبیاری کامل و قطع آبیاری، بیشترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب از تیمار محلول پاشی شش میلی مولار سالیسیلیک اسید و تیمار شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید) بدست آمد. در شرایط آبیاری کامل و تنش خشکی، تیمار محلول پاشی شش میلی مولار سالسیلیک اسید در مقایسه با شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید)، عملکرد دانه را به ترتیب به میزان 44 و 48 درصد افزایش داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد تاثیر محلول پاشی سالیسیلیک اسید در شرایط تنش خشکی در مقایسه با تیمار قطع آبیاری، در بهبود کارآیی مصرف آب موثرتر از شرایط آبیاری کامل بوده استکارایی فیزیولوژیکی نیتروژن با افزایش مصرف سالیسیلیک اسید افزایش یافت و مصرف شش میلی‌گرم سالسیلیک اسید با نسبت‌های 6/124 و 1/132 به ترتیب در هر دو شرایط آبیاری و قطع آبیاری بیشترین مقدار کارایی فیزیولوژیکی نیتروژن را داشت. شرایط قطع آبیاری باعث شده تا انتقال مجدد نیتروژن افزایش یابد و همچنین کارایی فیزیولوژیکی نیتروژن نیز به 95/113 افزایش یافت. از طرفی، اسید سالیسیلیک موجب تعدیل تنش خشکی از طریق افزایش کارایی فیزیولوژیکی و انتقال مجدد نیتروژن باعث بهبود عملکرد دانه گندم در شرایط تنش در مقایسه با آبیاری کامل گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of salicylic acid on physiological N efficiency and water use efficiency of barley in cut irrigation condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Abhari 1
  • Ali Reza Radman 2
1 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy, Sabzevar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Drought stress has osmotic and physiological effects on plants, resulting in reduced growth, metabolic disorders and oxidative stress in plants. Different plants use several strategies to cope with drought stress. External application of different compounds such as organic solvents and minerals is a solution to increase drought tolerance in plants. Salicylic acid was recognized as a plant hormone and its role in defense mechanisms against biological and non-biological stressors is well defined. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid on reducing the effects of drought stress on yield, water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of the barely.
Materials and Methods:This study was conducted a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Sabzevar in 2017. The altitude of this area is 1195 m above sea level and is 36° 5 N latitude and 44° 3' E longitude. The treatments included irrigation at two levels of drought stress (irrigation cut from booting to harvesting stage) and complete irrigation and salicylic acid spraying treatment at four levels of zero (control), two, four and six mM at stage of shoots on barley. Data were analyzed with the SAS software ver 9.1 and the means were compared with LSD test.
Results:The results showed that in both conditions of irrigation and drought stress, the highest number of spikes, number of seeds, seed yield and biological yield per m2 were obtained in two to six mM of salicylic acid, respectively, and the lowest was related to control treatment. The lowest water use efficiency was obtained under full irrigation conditions without salicylic acid and with the consumption of salicylic acid up to six mM, water use efficiency increased. In addition, salicylic acid spraying in drought stress conditions compared to full irrigation led to increase water use efficiency. In both conditions, full irrigation and irrigation cut, the highest and lowest grain yields were obtained from 6 mM salicylic acid and control treatments (without salicylic acid spraying), respectively. Under full irrigation and drought stress, spraying with 6 mM of salicylic acid increased the grain yield by 44% and 48% compared to control (without salicylic acid spraying). It seems that the effect of salicylic acid spraying in drought stress conditions was more effective than irrigation conditions compared to irrigation treatment. Physiological efficiency of N increased with increasing salicylic acid consumption, and consumption of six milligrams of salicylic acid with ratios of 124.6 and 132.1, respectively, in both conditions of irrigation and cut irrigation, had the highest physiological N, respectively. Cut irrigation conditions increased N remobilization, also increased the physiological efficiency of N to 113.95%. On the other hand, salicylic acid reduced drought stress by increasing physiological efficiency N and N remobilization, which improved wheat grain yield under stress conditions compared to complete irrigation.
Conclusions: The physiological efficiency of N, which was produced from the total dry matter divided by the absorbed nitrogen, in fact, indicates the relation between N and dry matter production and, irrespective of salicylic acid consumption and irrigation conditions, the physiological efficiency of N increased to about 135, water use efficiency was added linearly. Therefore, it can be said that the N flow within the tissue has a positive effect on the water use efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: Biological yield
  • grain yield
  • nitrogen remobilization
  • and solubility

مراجع

1.Arfan, M., Athar, H.R. and Ashraf,M. 2007. Does exogenous applicationof Salicylic Acid through the rooting medium modulate growth and photosynthetic capacity in two differently adapted spring wheat cultivars under salt stress? J. Plant Physiol. 164: 685-694.
2.Ashraf, M., Akram, N.A., Al-Qurainy, F. and Flooda, M.R. 2011. Drought tolerance: roles of organic osmolyts, growth, regulators and mineral nutrients. Adv. Agron. 111: 249-296.
3.Bates, L.S. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
4.Bayat, S. and Sepehri, A. 2014. Effectof salicylic acid and paclobutrazol on yield and water use efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.) under moisture stress. 1th international and 13th Iranian crop science congress. Tehran, Iran.
5.Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S.1982. Nitrogen-Total. In: Methods ofsoil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties, Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. Eds., American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, Pp: 595-624.
6.Borsani, O., Valpuesta, V. and Botella, M.N. 2001. Evidence for a role of salicylic acid in the oxidative damage generated by NaCl and osmotic stress in Arabidopsis seedling. Plant Physiol.126: 1024-1030.
7.Borsanio, V. and Botella, M.A. 2001. Evidence for a role of Salicylic Acid in the oxidative damage generated by Nacl and osmotic stress in Arabidodsis stress in (Arabidopsis) seedlings. Plant Physiol. 126: 1024-1030.
8.Dalvandi, G., Ghanbari-Odivi, A., Farnia, A., Khalil-Tahmasebi, B. and Nabati,E. 2013. Effects of drought stress on
the growth, yield and yield componentsof four wheat populations in different growth stages. Adv. Environ. Biol.
7: 4. 619-624.
9.Emam, Y., Salimi Koochi, S. and Shekoofa, A. 2009. Effect of nitrogen levels on grain yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) under irrigation and rainfed conditions. Iranian J. Field Crop Res.7: 321-332. (In Persian) 
10.Ezzat Ahmadi, M., Noormohammadi, Gh., Ghodsi, M. and Kafi, M. 2010. Effect of water stress and spraying of potassium iodide on agronomic traits and grain yield of bread wheat (Tiriticum aistivum L.) genotypes. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 8: 2. 177-182. (Translated in Persian)
11.Fallahi, H.A., Nasseri, A. and Siadat, A. 2008. Wheat yield components are positively influenced by nitrogen application under moisture deficit environments. Inter. J. Agric. Biol.10: 673-676.
12.FAOSTAT. 2012. FAO Statistical Data. (www.faostat.org.)
13.Farajzadeh, R., Sajedi, N.A. and Babaei, T. 2016. Effect of salicylic acid and post anthesis water deficit stress on some agronomic and physiological traits of different wheat genotypes. Cereal Res. 6: 2. 173-184. (In Persian)
14.Farhadi, N., Sayyahfar, M. and Shakarami, Gh. 2016. Effect of foliar applications of various levels of salicylic acid on yield and yield components of two barley cultivars under dry land farming conditions. Agric. Res. J.8: 5. 25-40. (In Persian)
15.Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S. and Ahmad,A. 2003. Salicylic acid influencesnet photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency, nitrate reductase activityand seed yield in Brassica juncea. Photosynthetica. 41: 2. 281-284.
16.Ghoulam, C.F., Ahmed, F. and Khalid, F. 2001. Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Environ. Exp. Bot. 47: 139-150.
17.Gill, P.K., Sharma, A.D., Singh, P.and Bnullar, S.S. 2003. Changes in germination, growth and soluble sugar contents of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench seeds under various a biotic stresses. Plant Growth Regul. 40: 154-162.
18.Ivandic, V., Thomas, W.T.B., Nevo, E., Zhang, Z. and Forster, B.P. 2003. Associations of simple sequencerepeats with quantitative trait variation including biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in Hordeum spontaneum. Plant Breed. 122: 300-304.
19.Hayat, Q., Hayat, S., Irfan, M. and Ahmad, A. 2010. Effect of exogenous Salicylic Acid under changing environment: A review. Environ. Exp. Bot. 68: 14-25.
20.Hayat, S. and Ahmad, A. 2005. Salicylic acid: A plant hormone. Springer.Pp: 97-99.
21.Heidari, A., Bijan Zadeh, A., Naderi, R., and Imam, Y. 2016. Effect of seasonal drought stress and Salicylic Acid on grain yield and plant shadow temperature in two canola cultivars. J. Plant Physiol. 27: 37-53. (In Persian)
22.Kadioglu, A., Saruhan, N., Saglam, A., Terzi, R. and Acet, T.E. 2011. Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates effects of long term drought stress and delays leaf rolling by inducing antioxidant system. Plant Growth Regul. 64: 27-37.
23.Kaid Nezami, R. and Balochi, H. 2014. Physiological reactions of lentil plant (Lens culinaris Medik) to salinity stress and Salicylic Acid solution. J. Iranian Bean. St. 5: 2. 98-83. (In Persian)
24.Kheirkhah, M., Farazi, M., Dadkhah, A. and Khoshnood Yazdi, A. 2016. Use of glycine, thiophile and salicylic acid
in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under irrigated conditions. Eco-Physiol. Crop Plant. 10: 37. 182-167. (In Persian)
25.Naghizadeh, M. and Gholami Tooran Poshti, M. 2014. Evaluation the effect of seed priming by salicylic acid on yield and yield components of wheat under drought stress conditions. J. Agroecol.6: 1. 162-170. (In Persian)
26.Naghizadeh, M. and Gholami Toran Poshti, M. 2014. Effect of seed pre-treatment with Salicylic Acid on wheat yield and yield components under drought stress. J. Agric. Ecol. 6: 1. 170-162.(In Persian)
27.Pak Mehr, A., Shakeri, F. andRastgo, M. 2015. The effect of seed priming with Salicylic Acid on some photosynthetic traits of blubber beans under stress at flowering stage. J. Iranian Pulses Res. 5: 2. 19-30. (In Persian)
28.Parzivand, A., Ghooshchi, F., Momayezi M. and Tohidimoghadam, M.H. 2011. Effects of zinc spraying and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and some seed qualitative traits of wheat under drought stress conditions. J. Crop Prod. Res.
3: 56-69.
29.Pireivatlou, A.S., Dehdar Masjedlou, B. and Ramiz, T.A. 2010. Evaluation of yield potential and stress adaptive trait in wheat genotypes under post anthesis drought stress conditions. African J. Agri. Res. 5: 2829-2836.
30.Raskin, I. 1992. Role of salicylic acid in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiol. Plant Molecular Biol. 43: 463-439.
31.Shabiri, S., Ghasemi Golazani, K., Golchin, A. and Saba, J. 2006. Effectof irrigation water on phenology and yield of three chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.). J. Agric. Knowledge.16: 2. 137-147. (In Persian)
32.Shahrasbi, S., Emam, Y., Ronaghi, A. and Pirasteh-Anosheh, H. 2016. Effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sirvan) in Fars Province, Iran conditions. J. Iranian Crop Sci.17: 4. 349-363. (Translated in Persian)
33.Singh, B. and Usha, K. 2003. Salicylic acid induced physiological and biochemical changes in wheat seedlings under water stress. Plant Growth Regul. 39: 137-141.
34.Smart, R.E. and Bingham, G.E. 1974. Rapid estimates of relative water content. Plant Physiol. 53: 258-260.
35.Vahabi, N., Emam, Y. and Pirasteh-Anosheh, H. 2017. Improving wheat growth and yield using chlormequat chloride, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid under water stress. Iranian J. Field Crop Res. 15: 1. 124-135. (In Persian)
36.Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovic, L. and Gasparikova, O. 2006. Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relations in two maize cultivars. Plant Soil Environ. 52: 4. 186-191.
37.Yousefirad, M., Asghari, M., Mohammadi, M. and Masoumi Zavarian, A. 2015. Effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and some physiological characteristics of seven barley cultivars. J. Agric. Res.7: 4. 297-309.
38.Zargerian, M., Tehranifar, A., Nemati, H. and Siavashpour, B. 2016. The effect of Salicylic Acid on some morphophysiologic characteristics of sunflower seedlings in drought stress conditions. J. Hort. 30: 1. 162-151.
(In Persian)
39.Zhang, Y.L., Fan, J.B., Wang, D.S. and Shen, Q.R. 2009. Genotypic differences in grain yield and physiological nitrogen use efficiency among rice cultivars. Pedosphere. 19: 681-691.
پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 187-200

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار