اثر نسبت های مختلف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بر خواص پاد اکسایشی میوه ارقام تمشک سیاه در گلخانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تمشک‌های سیاه (Rubus fruticosis aggr) با بیش از 700 گونه از جمله میوه‌های بسیار ارزشمند و دارای خواص بهداشتی بالا و ریز بومی سراسر جهان و ایران هستند. علاوه بر نمونه‌های وحشی موجود در طبیعت، ارقام خاردار و بدون‌خار اصلاح‌شده آن نیز به‌طور عمده در استان‌های جنوبی دریای خزر کشت و کار می‌شوند. استفاده از کودهای شیمیایی سریع‌ترین روش جبران کمبود عناصر غذایی موردنیاز گیاهان است. بررسی‌های قبلی نشان داده استفاده از NPK تغییرات مثبتی را در طول شاخه‌های رویشی، تعداد و طول جوانه‌های جانبی و تعداد گل‌آذین تمشک سیاه و به‌طورکلی اجزای عملکرد همچنین خواص پاداکسایشی به وجود می‌آورد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی اثرات نسبت‌های مختلف نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بر سه رقم تمشک سیاه خاردار بود.
مواد و روش ها: آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به‌صورت گلدانی و با بستر خاکی در گلخانه انجام شد. فاکتور اول رقم دارای سه سطح زودرس (سیلوان)، میانرس (ماریون) و دیررس (توپای) و فاکتور دوم تغذیه در شش نسبت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم (به ترتیب شامل N0P0K0،N50P0K0، N50P0K25، N50P0K50، N50P25K50 و N50P12.5K25 کیلوگرم ‌در هکتار) بود و با سه تکرار انجام گرفت. صفات مورد بررسی در این پژوهش شامل اندازه گیری صفات کمی میوه شامل وزن، طول و قطر و نسبت آن(اندازه)، صفات کیفی میوه شامل موادجامد محلول کل(TSS) و اسید قابل تیتراسیون، صفات شفتچه شامل وزن و درصد ماده، تعداد و وزن بذر و خواص پاداکسایشی عصاره (برآورد فعالیت پاداکسایندگی به روش DPPH، فنل، فلاونوئید و ویتامین ث) بود.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد در رقم زودرس بیشترین وزن میوه، TSS و وزن خشک بذر پنج میوه به ترتیب 8/7 گرم،9/12 درصد و 598/0 گرم و در رقم دیررس بیشترین وزن تر و خشک بذر پنج میوه به میزان 528/2 و 607/0 گرم در تیمارN50P0K25 حاصل شد. بیشترین میزان اسیدیته کل در رقم دیررس و تیمار N50P0K0 مشاهده شد. بالاترین وزن شفتچه، بیشترین درصد ماده شفتچه در ارقام زودرس و میانرس و تیمار N50P0K25، و بیشترین میزان آنتوسیانین در همین تیمار و ارقام میانرس و دیررس بدست آمد. درصد مهار اکسیدانی و مقدار فنل نیز نشان داد که در رقم دیررس این صفات بیشتر از سایر ارقام بود. بیشترین میزان ویتامین ث در تیمار N50P25K50 مشاهده گردید و از این سطح به بعد افزایش غلظت کودها اثر منفی بر مقدار این صفت و سایر صفات فیتوشیمیایی نظیر آنتوسیانین داشت.
نتیجه‌گیری: در صفات مرتبط با اندازه میوه و رشد زایشی مطلوب رقم زودرس دارای برتری معنی داری نسبت به دو رقم دیگر بود. اگرچه ارزش غذایی (خواص پاد اکسایشی) رقم دیررس بهتر بود. تیمار N50P0K25 در رقم زودرس از نظر بسیاری از صفات نظیر TSS، وزن شفتچه، ماده شفتچه و شاخص طعم برتری معنی داری را نسبت به سایر تیمارها نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of different rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on fruits Antioxidant traits of blackberry cultivars in greenhouse

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Ali Mohammadi 1
  • Mehdi Hadadinejad 2
  • Hossein Sadeghi 3
  • Kamran Ghasemi 2
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran,
2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran,
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Black berries (Rubus fruticosis aggr.) with more than 700 species are from worldwide and Iran small fruits. In addition of its wild relatives, there are breeded thorny and thornless cultivars which are under cultivation in the south region of Caspian Sea.Using chemical fertilizers is fastest method to compensate plants requirement to nutritional elements. Based on literature review, application of NPK will change the length of primocane, number and length of auxillary buds and flower number of inflorescence in blackberry, its yield component and antioxidant chracteristics, positively. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on three thorny blackberry cultivars.
Material and methods: This experiment performed in pots at Quancet greenhouse as completely random design in factorial. First factor included cultivar with three levels (Slivan, Marion and Tupy as early, mid and late ripening, respectivly) and second factor as fertilization in six rates (N0P0K0،N50P0K0، N50P0K25، N50P0K50، N50P25K50 &N50P12.5K25) in three replications. The measured traits included fruit quantitative charactristics like as weight, length and diameter (size), fruit qualitative traits like as Brix and titrable acidity, druplet traits as weight and precent of druplet material, number and weight of seed and antioxidant traits of juice (Antioxidant activity from Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method, phenol, flavenoiid and vitamin C).
Results: Results showed that early ripen cultivar included the highest fruit weight, TSS and seed dry weight of 5 fruits (7.8g, 12.9% and 0.598g, respectively) in N50P0K25 which resulted the highest fresh and dry weight in seeds of fruits for late ripening cultivar as 2.528 & 0.607g. The most titrable acidity observed in late ripen cultivar and N50P0K0 treatment. The maximum weight of druplet, highest druplet matter precent achieved in early and mid ripening cultivars for N50P0K25 treatment which have been resulted highest anthocyanin rate in mid and late ripen cultivars. In oxidant stop precent and phenol rate of late ripen cultivar was higher than others. The most vitamin C was observed in N50P25K50 tretment and increase in nutrient affected this parameter and other phytochemical traits like as anthocyanin, negatively.
Conclusion: In the traits whihc related to reproductive growth and fruit, early ripen cultivar showed effectiveness than others significantly. However, in nutritional value (antioxidant traits) late ripen cultivar was better. Treatment with N50P0K25 in early ripen cultivar improved TSS, druplet weight, druplet matter and taste in compare to other treatments, significantly.
late ripen cultivar was better. Treatment with N50P0K25 in early ripen cultivar improved TSS, druplet weight, druplet matter and taste in compare to other treatments, significantly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Berry
  • Druplet
  • Biochemical Traits
  • Morphology
  • Taste

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 19-35

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