تاثیر کاربرد بیوچار و اسید سالسیلیک در شرایط کم آبی بر برخی صفات گیاه دارویی گاوزبان اروپایی(Borago officinalis L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 دانشیار و عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
گل گاوزبان اروپایی (Borago officinalis L.) گیاهی علفی و یک ساله است که در مناطق معتدل و نیمه گرمسیر و به ویژه مدیترانه‌ای پراکنش دارد. امروزه استفاده از محلول پاشی سالسیلیک اسید به عنوان یکی از تنظیم کننده‌های رشد گیاهی در افزایش تحمل گیاهان به تنش‌هایی همچون خشکی افزایش یافته است. بیوچار ماده غنی از کربن است که مزایای کودهای آلی را دارا می‌باشد و در جهت اصلاح خاک‌های غیر حاصلخیزبه کار می‌رود. با توجه به اهمیت پرورش گیاهان دارویی در مناطق خشک، بررسی و شناخت اثرات دور آبیاری بر گیاه گل گاوزبان از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است و با توجه به تاثیر مثبت سالسیلیک اسید و بیوچار در تقلیل اثرات منفی خشکی و نیز بهبود روابط آبی خاک در گیاهان، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی بیوچار و سالسیلیک اسید بر برخی از خصوصیات گیاه گل گاوزبان اروپایی در دورهای آبیاری مختلف انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش ها: این آزمایش در سال زراعی 95-96 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود به صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد . کرت‏های اصلی شامل سطوح دور آبیاری در سه سطح (5 روز یک بار که تحت عنوان شرایط نرمال آبیاری در نظر گرفته شد، و آبیاری 10روز یکبار و 15 روز یکبار) و کرت-های فرعی درجه اول شامل بیوچار در سه سطح (0، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) و کرت های فرعی درجه دوم شامل محلول پاشی سالسیلیک اسید در دو سطح (0 و 5/0 میلی مولار) بود.
یافته ها:
نتایج نشان داد که در تمامی سطوح بیوچار با افزایش دور آبیاری، محتوی نسبی آب برگ بطور چشمگیری کاهش یافت و کاربرد بیوچار تأثیر چشمگیری در تنش ناشی از خشکی نداشت. اسید سالیسیلیک در هر دو دور آبیاری 10 و 15روز محتوی نسبی آب برگ را نسبت به تیمار عدم مصرف آن افزایش داد، ولی تأثیر مثبتی بر کاهش تنش ناشی از افزایش دور آبیاری نداشت. با افزایش دور آبیاری میزان فلاونوئید نیز به شدت کاهش یافت، که کاربرد سالسیلیک اسید تا حدودی در تعدیل آن نقش داشت، اما کاربرد بیوچار بسته به دور آبیاری، اثرات متفاوتی بر روی میزان فلاونوئید داشت. افزایش دور آبیاری تا 10 روز میزان آنتوسیانین را افزایش داد، اما با افزایش دور آبیاری به 15 روز مقدار آن به شدت کاهش یافت. کاربرد بیوچار اثر معنی داری بر روی میزان آنتوسیانین نداشت (هم در شرایط کاربرد سالسیلیک اسید و هم عدم مصرف آن)، اما با افزایش دور آبیاری به 10 روز کاربرد بیوچار به تنهایی و بدون استفاده از سالسیلیک اسید، موجب افزایش آن شد. درصد نیتروژن برگ گل گاوزبان با کاربرد 5 تن در هکتار بیوچار در دور آبیاری 5 روز و همچنین کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار در دور آبیاری 15 روز، بطور چشمگیری نسبت به تیمار شاهد (عدم مصرف بیوچار) افزایش یافت.

همچنین نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد 10 تن در هکتار بیوچار در دور آبیاری 10 روز و 15 روز، تنش ناشی از افزایش دور آبیاری را در خصوص میزان نیتروژن برگ تعدیل نمود. افزایش دور آبیاری همچنین موجب کاهش تعداد ساقه گل دهنده شد که مصرف بیوچار و سالسیلیک اسید آن را بهبود بخشید.
نتیجه گیری کلی:
به طور کلی کاربرد بیوچار در بهبود برخی از شاخص های فیزیولوژیکی و کیفی گیاه گاوزبان در شرایط تنش خشکی اثر مثبتی داشت، گرچه بین سطوح مختلف بیوچار از لحاظ اثرات مثبت در تقلیل اثرات تنش ناشی از دورآبیاری در برخی صفات تفاوت معنی داری وجود نداشت. علاوه بر آن، کاربرد همزمان بیوچار و سالسیلیک اسید در بیشتر صفات موجب افزایش کارایی آن‌ها در تقلیل اثرات خشکی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of biochar and salicylic acid on some characteristics of (Borago officinalis L.) in water deficit condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • zahra taghizadehtabari 1
  • Hamidreza Asghari 2
  • Hamid Abbasdokht 2
  • Esmail Babakhanzadeh 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Associate Prof. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
3 Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), AREEO, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Borage officinalis L. is an annual herbaceous plant that is distributed in temperate and subtropical regions, especially in the Mediterranean. Nowadays, foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) as one of the growth regulator for improving plant stresses tolerance such as drought stresses. Biochar is a carbon-rich product in the stable form that benefits from organic fertilizers and is used soil fertility. Considering the importance of medical plant cultivation especially in the drought region, investigation the effects of water deficit on Borage officinalis L has particular importance and according to previous studies on the positive effect of salicylic acid and biochar on mitigation of adverse effects of drought as well as improving water relations in soil, therefore this study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar and salicylic acid (SA) on some characteristics of Borage officinalis L under different irrigation intervals

Materials and Methods: These experiments were performed in a four replicated-split plot factorial arranged in CRBD with three factors irrigation intervals (5, 10, and 15 day) in the main plots and biochar application (0, 5 and 10 tons per hector) and foliar application of salicylic acid (0,0.5Mm) in sub plots. This study was carried out in research field of Shahrood university of technology, Shahrood, Iran during 2017-2018.

Results: the results indicate that with increasing irrigation intervals in all biochar levels, leaf relative water content (RWC) significantly decreased and biochar application had no significant effect on drought stress. Salicylic acid increased leaf relative water content (RWC) in both irrigation intervals of 10 and 15 days compared to non-treated treatments but it had no positive effect on stress reduction due to increases irrigation intervals. As the irrigation intervals increased, flavonoid levels also declined significantly, salicylic acid partially moderating its use, but biochar application had different effects on flavonoid depending on irrigation intervals. Increasing irrigation intervals up to 10 days increased the level of anthocyanin, but with increasing irrigation intervals to 15 days, it decreased significantly. Biochare application had no significant effect on anthocyanin content (both under and without salicylic acid application) but with increasing irrigation intervals to 10 days, biochar application alone without salicylic acid caused anthocyanin content increased. Nitrogen percentage of borago officinalis.L leaf increased significantly with 5 tons/ha biochar for 5 days irrigation intervals and 10 tons/ha biochar for 15 days irrigation intervals, compared to control (non-biochar).
The results also show that the application of biochar 10 tons/ha at 10 and 15 days' irrigation interval moderated the stress caused by increased irrigation interval for leaf nitrogen. Increasing irrigation intervals also reduced the number of flowering shoots, which improved by biochar and salicylic acid application.

Conclusion: biochar had a positive effect on the improvement of some physiological and qualitative indices of borago officinalis. L under drought stress condition, but there were no significant differences between different levels of biochar in terms of positive effects in reducing the effects of irrigation intervals on some traits, Besides, the simultaneous application of biochar and salicylic acid in most traits increased their efficiency in reducing drought stress effects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Borago officinalis L
  • irrigation intervals
  • salicylic acid
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