ارزیابی فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و میزان پراکسید هیدروژن دانهال‌های ایجاد شده حاصل از تلاقی‌های درون و بین-گونه‌ای پسته ( P. vera × P. integerrima) در شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، ایستگاه تحقیقات پسته دامغان، دامغان، ایران

4 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس ابوریحان - دانشگاه تهران، پاکدشت، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: صنعت کشاورزی ایران با محصول ارزشمند پسته (Pistacia vera L) در جهان معرفی شده است و این فرآورده از نظر اقتصادی یکی از مهم‌ترین محصولات باغی ایران است. تنش‌های مختلف بویژه خشکی، کشت و کار پسته را همواره با مشکلات و موانع زیادی روبه رو کرده است در حدی که در برخی استان‌ها با چالش چشم‌گیری مواجه شده است. فرآیندهای بهنژادی از جمله تلاقی‌های هدفمند در جهت افزایش میزان مقاومت، می‌تواند راهکاری مطمئن و دائمی برای کم کردن اثرات زیان‌ بار تنش خشکی بر گیاهان در نظر گرفته شود. بنابراین با توجه به اهمیت محصول پسته در کشور به عنوان یک محصول استراتژیک و همچنین قرار گرفتن ایران در شرایط خشک و نیمه خشک، تحقیقات به منظور دستیابی به پایه‌های هیبرید متحمل به خشکی ضروری می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان و برخی خصوصیات رشدی دانهال‌های پسته و شناسایی پایه‌های‌ متحمل، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار به صورت گلدانی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال 98- 1397 به اجرا در آمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پنج پایه پسته احمد آقایی، اکبری، سرخه‌حسینی، گرمه، فندقی و پنج هیبرید بین‌گونه‌ای (احمد آقایی × اینتگریما، اکبری × اینتگریما، سرخه‌حسینی × اینتگریما، گرمه × اینتگریما و فندقی × اینتگریما‌) و سه سطح خشکی شامل شاهد (100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی)، تنش ملایم (65 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و تنش شدید (30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بودند که 84 روز روی دانهال‌های سه ماهه پسته اعمال شدند.
یافته ها: طبق نتایج اثر پایه و خشکی و همچنین اثر متقابل آن‌ها بر روی اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار (01/0P≤) بود. البته در مورد صفت طول ساقه در ارتباط با اثر متقابل پایه و خشکی اثر معنی‌داری (05/0‌P≥) مشاهده نشد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش سطوح خشکی، میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، پراکسید هیدروژن برگ و ریشه و همچنین میزان ریزش برگ در دانهال‌های پسته مورد مطالعه افزایش و صفات تعداد برگ، طول و قطر ساقه کاهش یافتند. بیش‌ترین مقدار فعالیت آنزیم‌‌ها در تیمار خشکی شدید و کم‌ترین مقدار در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. از طرفی در ارتباط با صفات تعداد برگ، طول و قطر ساقه بیش‌ترین و کمترین مقدار به ترتیب در سطح شاهد و تنش شدید مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج، پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی متفاوتی در پاسخ به تنش‌های اعمال شده بین پایه‌ها مشاهده شد. پایه‌های متحمل به خشکی میزان پراکسید هیدروژن و درصد ریزش برگ کمتر و از فعالیت آنزیمی و پر رشدی بیشتر نسبت به پایه‌های حساس به خشکی برخوردار بودند. پایه فندقی بیش‌ترین و پایه‌های هیبرید سرخه‌حسینی × اینتگریما، احمد آقایی × اینتگریما و اکبری × اینتگریما کم‌ترین افزایش میزان پراکسید هیدروژن برگ و ریشه و ریزش برگ را بین پایه‌ها نشان دادند. در ارتباط با این صفات، پایه‌های دانهالی احمد آقایی، سرخه حسینی، گرمه × اینتگریما، اکبری، گرمه و فندقی × اینتگریما به ترتیب از لحاظ تحمل به خشکی در رده‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند.
نتیجه گیری: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر به نظر می‌رسد بتوان از پایه‌های پر رشد هیبرید سرخه‌حسینی × اینتگریما، احمد آقایی × اینتگریما و اکبری × اینتگریما به عنوان پایه‌های حاوی ژن‌های متحمل به خشکی برای اصلاح ارقام با پتانسیل عملکرد زیاد در مناطق خشک استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the amount of hydrogen peroxide in obtained using hybrid seedlings rootstock from intraspecific and interspecific crosses (P. vera × P. integerrima) under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Farhadi 1
  • Mohamad Mehdi Sharifani 2
  • Mehdi Alizadeh 2
  • Hossein Hokmabadi 3
  • Sasan Aliniaeifard 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
2 2Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
3 Assistant Prof., Pistachio Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extention Organization of Semnan Province, Dameghan Center, (Iran),
4 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, College of Aburaihan, niversity of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Iran has the world's agricultural industry is a valuable product pistachios (Pistacia vera L) and the products economically one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. Various stresses particularly drought, pistachio cultivation has always faced a lot of difficulties and obstacles to the extent that in some provinces faced with significant challenges. Breeding processes including control crossings to increase resistance, can be safe and permanent solution for reducing the deleterious effects of drought stress on plants to be considered. Therefore, considering the importance of pistachio product in the country as a strategic product and as well as Iran's location in dry and semi-arid conditions, research in order to develop drought-tolerant hybrid is essential.
Materials and methods: In this study, in order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the level of activity of some antioxidant enzymes and some growth characteristics pistachio seedlings and identification of tolerant rootstocks, this experiment was designed. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications in the research greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2018-2019. The treatments were consisted of five pistachio rootstocks Ahmad Aghaei, Akbari, Sorkheh Hosseini, Garmeh, Fandoghi and five interspecific hybrids (Ahmad Aghaei × Integerrima, Akbari × Integerrima, Sorkheh Hosseini × Integerrima, Garmeh × Integerrima and Fandoghi × Integerrima) and three levels of drought including control (100 % field capacity), mild stress (65% of field capacity) and Severe stress (30% of field capacity) were applied on 3 months old the seedlings for 84 days.
Results: According to the results, the effects of rootstock and drought and as well as their interaction on most of the studied traits were significant (P ≤0.01). However, no significant effect (P≥ 0.05) was observed on stem length in relation to rootstock and drought interaction. The results showed that with increasing levels of drought, the activity of catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide in leaves and roots and also, the amount of leaf fall in the studied pistachio seedlings increased and the number of leaves, stem length and diameter decreased.
increased in the studied seeds. The highest amount of enzyme activity was observed in severe drought treatment and the lowest amount was observed in control treatment. On the other hand, in relation to leaf number, length and stem diameter, the highest and lowest values were observed at the control level and severe stress, respectively. Based on the results, different physiological responses were observed between the seedlings in their response to water stress. Drought tolerant rootstocks Hydrogen peroxide content and lower leaf fall percentage and higher enzymatic and growth activity than drought-sensitive rootstocks. The highest Fandoghi rootstocks and the hybrid rootstocks of Sorkheh Hosseini × Integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei × Integerrima and Akbari × Integerrima showed the least increase in the amount of Hydrogen peroxide leaves and roots and leaf fall between the rootstocks. In connection with these traits the seedlings rootstocks of Ahmad Aghaei, Sorkheh Hosseini, Garmeh × Integerrima, Akbari, Garmeh and Fandoghi × Integerrima were ranked next in terms of drought tolerance, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it seams roots stock of Sorkhe Hosseini × Integerrima, Ahmad Aghaei × Integerrima and Akbari × Integerrima could be as potential seedlings in deal with drought tolerant. These hybrids possibly owns as gene pool for breeding high-yielding cultivars in arid regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ascorbate enzyme peroxidase
  • Catalase
  • Superoxide dismutase
  • Gyacol peroxidase
  • Hybrid

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 28، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 33-59

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