اثر تیمار حلقه‌برداری و کاربرد فورکلروفنورون بر کیفیت و عمر انبارمانی میوه کیوی رقم ʼهایواردʼ (Actinidia deliciosa cv. ‘Haywardʼ)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: افزایش عملکرد و بهبود اندازه میوه توام با درصد ماده خشک بالا، اصلی‌ترین هدف تولیده‌کنندگان میوه کیوی در سراسر جهان می‌باشد. اخیرا از روش‌های مختلفی برای دست‌یابی به میوه‌های صادراتی با درصد ماده خشک بالا در کیوی‌فروت استفاده می‌شود که شامل هرس تابستانه، هرس ریشه و تنک گل و میوه می‌باشد. بعلاوه، از حلقه‌برداری و تنظیم کننده‌های رشد گیاهی مانند فورکلروفنورون (CPPU) به میزان زیادی در باغ‌های کیوی مدرن جهت افزایش عملکرد و کیفیت میوه استفاده می‌شود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش، تاثیر حلقه‌برداری تنه اصلی تاک‌ها در زمان‌های مختلف (بهار، تابستان، پاییز)، CPPU (به مقدار 10 میلی‌گرم در لیتر ماده فعال در آب) و تاثیر توام حلقه‌بردای تابستان و CPPU در مقایسه با شاهد (بدون حلقه‌برداری و کاربرد CPPU) بر کیفیت میوه کیوی رقم ʼهایواردʻ در زمان برداشت و در پایان انبارمانی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سال 1398 ارزیابی شدند. میوه‌ها بر اساس شاخص میزان مواد جامد محلول برداشت شدند و خصوصیات کیفی میوه بلافاصله بعد از برداشت و نیز پس از سه ماه انبارمانی در سردخانه با دمای یک درجه سانتی‌گراد اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد حلقه‌برداری تابستانه توام با CPPU، CPPU و حلقه‌برداری بهاره به ترتیب باعث افزایش 99/37، 19/32 و 11/22 درصد وزن میوه کیوی نسبت به شاهد شدند. کاربرد CPPU به تنهایی باعث افزایش وزن، طول و قطر میوه‌ها شد، اما درصد ماده خشک و نسبت مواد جامدمحلول به اسید میوه را نسبت به شاهد کاهش داد. هیج تفاوت معنی‌داری بین میوه‌های تیمار شده با CPPU و شاهد از نظر سفتی بافت میوه، مواد جامد محلول در زمان برداشت و پس از سه ماه نگهداری در سردخانه مشاهده نشد. کاربرد توام حلقه‌برداری تابستان با CPPU باعث افزایش وزن میوه (38 درصد) شد. بعلاوه، این تیمار بالاترین درصد ماده خشک میوه، مواد جامد محلول و نسبت مواد جامد محلول به اسید قابل تیتر را در زمان برداشت و کمترین درصد کاهش وزن میوه (66/0 درصد) و بالاترین سفتی (96/3 کیلوگرم) را در پایان دوره انبارمانی نشان داد. حلقه‌برداری تابستانه بیشترین کاهش وزن میوه (54/2 درصد) را در پایان دوره انبارمانی نشان دادند، درصورتیکه میزان کاهش وزن حلقه‌برداری پاییزه و بهاره نسبت به شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: در مجموع، نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد توام حلقه برداری تابستانه با CPPU نه تنها اندازه میوه و عملکرد کیوی‌فروت را افزایش داد، بلکه کیفیت میوه را از طریق افزایش درصد ماده خشک و مواد جامد محلول افزایش داد. چنین میوه‌هایی از عمر پس از برداشت بالاتری نیز برخوردار بودند. بنابراین، توصیه می‌شود به منظور بهبود کیفیت میوه کیوی کابرد CPPU همراه با حلقه‌برداری تابستانه انجام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Girdling treatment and Forchlorfenuron spray on quality and storage life of Hayward kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. ‘Hayward‘)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmood Ghasemnezhad 1
  • Reyhaneh Aminifar 2
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Professor, Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

ABackground and objectives: Increasing fruit yield and improving fruit size along with high dry matter percentage, is the main goal of kiwifruit growers in the worldwide. There are deferent techniques to access exportable fruit size with high dry matter content in kiwifruit including summer pruning, root pruning and flower and fruit thinning. Furthermore, trunk girdling and plant growth regulators such as Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) are widely used in modern kiwifruits orchards to increase fruit yield and quality.
Materials and methods: In this study, the effect of vine trunk girdling at different times (spring, summer, autumn), CPPU (10 mg L-1 of active ingredients in water), combined effect of CPPU and summer girdling as compared to control (without girdling and CPPU treatments) on fruits quality of Hayward kiwifruit at harvest and the end of cold storage was evaluated in complete randomized block design in 1398. Fruits were harvested based on soluble solids index and fruit quality was measured immediately after harvest and after three months storage at 1o°C.
Results: The results showed that the summer girdling with CPPU, CPPU alone and spring girdling increased 37.99, 32.19 and 22.11% of kiwifruit weight compared to control respectively. Application CPPU increased fruits weight, length and diameter, but decreased fruits dry matter percentage and the ratio of soluble solids content to titratable acidity (SSC/TA) the compared to control. No significant differences were found between CPPU treated fruits and control for fruit tissue firmness, soluble solids content at harvest time and after three months storage in cold storage. The summer trunk girdling together with CPPU spray increased fruit weight (38% as compared to control). In addition, this treatment showed the highest fruit dry matter percentage, soluble solids and SSC/TA at harvest time and the lowest fruit weight loss (0.66%) with the highest fruits tissue firmness (3.96 kg force) at the end of three months storage time. Summer girdling showed the highest fruit weight loss (2.54%) at the end of storage, while no significant difference was found between autumn and spring girdling treatments compared to the control.
Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that summer vine trunk girdling with CPPU spray not only improved kiwifruit size and yield but also improved fruit quality by increasing fruits dry matter percentage and soluble solids content. Such fruits showed the longer postharvest life as compared to control and other treatments. Therefore, it is recommended for improving fruit size and quality in Hayward kiwifruit, CPPU spray was applied with summer vine trunk girdling.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry matter
  • storage life quality
  • Tissue Firmness

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 28، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 89-102

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