تاثیر محلول پاشی نانوکودها و تنش شوری بر غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و بذر و صفات فیزیولوژیک در کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علمی علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa) یک گیاه شبه غله‌ای با ارزش غذایی بالا و متحمل به تنش‌های غیر زنده می‌باشد. گیاه کینوا به تازگی از طرف وزارت جهاد کشاورزی برای کشت در مناطق شور و با محدودیت تأمین آب کافی توصیه شده است، اما مطالعات زیادی در مورد ویژگی‌های رشد و نموی و نیاز تغذیه‌ای (کودی) این گیاه در کشور در دسترس نیست. فناوری نانو امکان استفاده از عناصر غذایی و کاهش هزینه‌های حفاظت از محیط زیست را فراهم کرده است. تنش شوری یکی از مهمترین محدودیت‌های رشد گیاهان در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک است. با توجه به اهمیت تنش شوری و گیاه کینوا و نانوکود، این آزمایش با هدف بررسی تاثیر محلول‌پاشی نانوکودها بر غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و بذر و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک در شرایط تنش شوری روی گیاه کینوا انجام گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1397 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه ارومیه به صورت گلدانی اجرا شد. عامل اول تنش شوری با آب دریاچه ارومیه در سه سطح (0، 16 و 32 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) و عامل دوم نانوکود در پنج سطح (کلسیم، سیلیس، روی، پتاسیم و شاهد (عدم محلول‌پاشی) بود. برای تعیین میزان پتاسیم و سدیم ابتدا محلول‌های استاندارد هرکدام از این عناصر تهیه شده و غلظت عناصر توسط دستگاه فیلم فوتومتر (مدل Clinical pfp7) به روش نشر شعله‌ای ابتدا استاندارها و سپس نمونه‌ها اصلی قرائت شدند. اندازه‌گیری کلسیم و روی نیز توسط دستگاه جذب اتمی (مدل AA-6300) قرائت گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS Ver. 9.1 و MATATC انجام و مقایسه میانگین‌ها نیز توسط آزمون LSD در سطح پنج درصد انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری 32 و 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب کلسیم برگ (56 و 53 درصد)، کلسیم بذر (52 و 48 درصد)، کلروفیل a (32 و 14 درصد) و کلروفیل b (28 و 12 درصد) را کاهش داد، ولی به ترتیب مقدار روی بذر (45 و 36 درصد)، کاروتنوئید (30 و 18 درصد)، پرولین (33 و 15 درصد) و قندهای محلول (24 و 8 درصد) را افزایش داد. محلول‌پاشی با نانوکودها در مقایسه با شاهد، مقدار کلسیم بذر، روی بذر، محتوای کلروفیل aو b و پرولین را افزایش داد. بیشترین مقدار روی برگ (66/67 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم)، وزن خشک کل (31/33 گرم) و عملکرد دانه (64/11 گرم) از تیمار بدون تنش شوری و محلول‌پاشی با نانوکود روی حاصل شد. همچنین بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم بذر (95/1 درصد) و برگ (86/3 درصد) به ترتیب از محلول‌پاشی کلسیم و پتاسیم در شرایط تنش شوری 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر بدست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان داد، سطوح مختلف تنش شوری باعث ایجاد آثار منفی بر کلیه صفات موثر بر رشد کینوا شد. بیشترین میزان کاهش صفات در تنش شوری 32 دسی زیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد. محلول‌پاشی با نانوکودها با افزایش محتوای کلروفیل، پرولین، کلسیم و روی بذر سبب افزایش وزن خشک کل و عملکرد دانه کینوا گردید. لذا جهت بهبود عملکرد گیاه کینوا بویژه در شرایط تنش شوری، محلول‌پاشی نانوکودها پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of spraying nano-fertilizers and salinity stress on leaf and seed nutrient concentrations and physiological traits in in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faezeh Heidari 1
  • Jalal Jalilian 2
  • Esmaeil Gholinezhad 3
1 Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a like-cereal plant with high nutritional value and tolerant of abiotic stresses. Quinoa has recently been recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad for cultivation in saline areas with limited water supply, but there are not many studies on the growth characteristics and nutritional needs of this plant in the country. Nanotechnology has made possiblity to use nutrients and reduces the cost of environmental protection. Salinity stress is one of the most important limitations of crop growth in arid and semiarid regions. Due to the importance of salinity stress, nano- fertilizer and quinoa plant, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of spraying different nano-fertilizers on leaf and seed nutrient concentrations and some physiological traits in quinoa under salinity stress.
Materials and methods: This experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications in the research farm of Urmia University in the pot during 2017. The first factor was salinity stress (Lake Urmia water was used) at three levels (0, 16 and 32 dS /m) and the second factor was nano-fertilizers at five levels (calcium, silica, zinc, potassium and control (no foliar application). To determine the amount of potassium and sodium, first standard solutions of each of these elements were prepared and the concentration of the elements was read by the flame-photometer (Clinical pfp7 model) by flame diffusion method, first the standards and then the main samples. Measurements of calcium and zinc were also read by atomic absorption spectrometer (model AA-6300). Statistical analysis of data using SAS software Ver. 9.1 and MATATC were performed and the means were compared by LSD test at the level of 5%.
Results: Results showed that salinity stress of 32 and 16 dS/m compared to control traits leaf calcium (56 and 53%), seed calcium (52 and 48), chlorophyll a (32 and 14%) and chlorophyll b (28, 12%) decreased respectively; but the amount of seed zinc content (45 and 36%), carotenoids (30 and 18%), proline (33 and 15%), soluble sugars (24 and 8%), seed sodium (20 and 19%) and leaf sodium (56 and 48%), increased respectively. Foliar application of nanofertilizers in comparison with the control increased the amount of seed calcium, seed zinc, chlorophyll a and b and proline content. The highest amount on leaf zinc (67.66 mg/kg) were obtained from the treatment without salinity and spraying with zinc nanofertilizer. Also, the highest amounts of seed potassium (1.95%) and leaf potassium (3.86%) were obtained under salinity stress of 16 dS/m and foliar application of calcium and potassium, respectively.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that different levels of salinity stress caused negative effects on all traits affecting quinoa growth. The highest reduction in traits was observed in salinity stress of 32 dS/m. Spraying with nano-fertilizer via enhancing chlorophyll and proline content, seed zinc and calcium led to increase total dry weight and seed yield of quinoa. Therefore, to improve the yield of quinoa especially in salinity stress conditions, spraying of nano-fertilizers is suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium
  • Zinc
  • Nano-Fertilizer
  • Quinoa
  • . Salinity stress

مراجع

1.Abbasi, N., Cheraghi, J. and Hajinia, S. 2019. Effect of iron and zinc micronutrient foliar application as nano and chemical on physiological traits and grain yield of two bread wheat cultivars. Sci. J. Crop Physiol. 11: 43. 85-104.
2.Achorro, P., Ortiz, A. and Cerda, A. 1994. Implications of calcium nutrition on the response of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to salinity. Plant Soil. 159: 205-212.
3.Arnon, D.I. 1975. Copper enzymes increased isolated chloroplast polyphenoxidase increased Beta vulgaris L. Plant Physiol. 45: 1-15.
4.Asch, F., Dingkuhn, M. and Droffling, K. 2000. Salinity increases CO2 assimilation but reduces growth in field growth irrigated rice. Plant Soil. 218: 1-10.
5.Attarzadeh, M., Rahimi, A. and Torabi, B. 2016. Response of chlorophyll, relative water content and protein percentage of safflower leaves to salinity and foliar calcium, potassium and magnesium applications. J. Crop Ecophysiol. 10: 1. 269-282. (In Persian)
6.Attarzadeh, M., Rahimi, A., Torabi, B. and Dashti, D. 2013. Effect of Ca(NO3)2, KH2PO4, and MnSO4 foliar application on ion accumulation and physiological traits of safflower under salt stress. Agron. J. (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 107: 133-142. (In Persian)
7.Bates, L., Waldren, R.P. and Teare, I.D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 39: 205-207.
8.Boling, L., Soundararajan, P. and Manivannan, A. 2019. Mechanisms of silicon-mediated amelioration ofsalt stress in plants. 8: 307. 1-13. doi:10.3390/plants8090307
9.Chen, Z., Newman, I., Zhuo, M., Mendham, N., Zhang, G. and Shabala, S. 2005. Screening plants forsalt tolerance by measuring K+ flux: a case study for barely. Plant, Cell Environ. 28: 1230-1246.
10.Ehdaie, B. and Shakiba, M.R. 1996. Relationship of internode-specific weight and water soluble carbohydrates in wheat. Cereal Res. Commun. 24: 1. 61-67.
11.Fing, D.H., Wang, G.Z., Si, W.T.,Zhou, Y., Liu, Z. and Jia, J. 2018. Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic pigments and activity of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in Kalidium foliatum. Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 65: 98-103.
12.Hasebi, B. 2007. Physical study of the effect of cold stress on seedling stage of different rice genotypes. Ph.D thesis, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 145p.
13.Heidari, M. and Jamshidi, P. 2011. Effects of salinity and potassium application on antioxidant enzyme activities and physiological parameters in pearl millet. Agr. Sci. China.10: 228-237.
14.Jacobsen, S.E., Liu, F. and Jensen, C.R. 2009. Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata under drought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Sci. Hort. 122: 2. 281-287.
15.Jacobsen, S.E., Mujica, A. andJensen, C.R. 2003. The resistance of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) to adverse abiotic factors. Food Rev. Int. 19: 1-2. 99-109.
16.Jamali, S. and Sharifan, H. 2018. Investigation the effect of different salinity levels on yield and yield components of quinoa (cv. Titicaca).J. Water Soil Cons. 25: 2. 251-266.
17.Kafi, M., Salehi, M. and Eshghizadeh, H.R. 2011. Biosaline Agriculture- plant, water and soil management Approaches. Iranian academic center for education culture and research of Mashhad.(In Persian)
18.Khalili, S., Bastani, A. and Bagheri, M. 2019. Effect of different levels of irrigation water salinity and phosphorus on some properties of soil andquinoa plant. Iranian J. Soil Res.33: 2. 155-166. 
19.Khodary, S.E.A. 2004. Effect of salicylic acid on growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in saltstressed maize plants. J. Agric. Biol. 6: 1. 5-8.
20.Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic bio membranes. Methods Enzymol. 148: 350-382.
21.Lobato, A.K.S., Luz, L.M., Costa Santos, R.C.L., Filho, B.G., Meirelles, A.C.S., Oliveira Neto, C.F., Laughinghouse, H.D., Neto, M.A.M., Alves, G.A.R., Lopes, M.J.S. and Neves, H.K.B. 2009. Si exercises influence on nitrogen components in pepper subjected to water deficit? Rese. J. Biol. Sci. 4: 1048-1055.
22.Lutts, S., Majerus, V. and Kinet,J.M. 1999. NaCl effect on proline metabolism in rice seedlings. Plant Physiol. 105: 450-458.
23.Manivannan, A., Soundararajan, P., Muneer, S., KO, C.H. and Jeong, B.R. 2016. Silicon mitigates salinity stress by regulating the physiology, antioxidant enzyme activities, and protein expression in Capsicum annuum ‘Bugwang’. Bio.Med. Res. Int. 3076357.
24.Marschner, P. 2012. Marschner’s Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. 3rd edition, Academic Press, London.
25.Mohamed-Shater Abdallah, M., El Sebai, T.N., Abd El-Mohsen Ramadan, A. and Safwat El-Bassiouny, H.M. 2020. Physiological and biochemical role of proline, trehalose, and compost on enhancing salinity tolerance of quinoa plant. Bull. Natl. Res. Cent.44: 96.
26.Muhammad, S., Akbar, M. and Neue, H.U. 1987. Effect of NaCl and Na/K relation in saline culture solution in the growth and mineral nutrition of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Soil. 104: 57-62.
27.Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ. 25: 239-250.
28.Munns, R. and Schachtam, D.P. 1993. Plant responses to salinity: significance in relation to time. Int. crop Sci.1: 741-745.
29.Munns, R. and Termaat, A. 1986. Whole-plant responses to salinity. Funct. Plant Biol. 13: 1. 143-160.
30.Nair, R., Varghese, S.H., Nair, B.G., Maekawa, T., Yoshida, Y. and Kumar, D.S. 2010. Nanoparticulate material delivery to plants. Plant Sci. 179: 154-163.
31.Omidbeighi, R. 2009. Production and Processing of Medicinal Plants.First volume. Fifth Edition. Razavi Province Publications. Mashhad, 397p. (In Persian)
32.Pandey, V.K. and Saxena, H.K. 1987. Effects of soil salinity on chlorophyll, photosynthesis, respiration and ionic composition at various growth stagesin paddy. Indian J. Agric. Chem.20: 2. 40-155.
33.Papakosta, D.K. and Gagianas, A.A. 1991. Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation remobilization and losses for and dry matter accumulation remobilization and losses for Mediterranean's wheat during grain filling. Agron. J. 83: 864-870.
34.Peyvandi, M. and Mirza, M. 2011. Comparison of the effect of iron nanoclay on growth parameters and activity of basaltic antioxidant enzymes (Ocimum basilicum). J. Cell. Biotech. Mol. 1: 98-89.
35.Pisals, D.S. and Lelc, S.S. 2005. Carotenoid production from microalga, Dunaliella alina. Indian J. Biotech.4: 476-483.
36.Rajabi Dehnavi, A. and Zahedi, M. 2020. Effects of foliar application of different ascorbic acid concentrations on the response of sorghum to salinity. Plant Proc. Funct. 9: 35. 223-241.
37.Redouane, E. and Mohamed, N.2015. Adaptive response to salt stressin sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Am. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci.15: 1351-1360.
38.Rezaei, R.A., Hosseini, S.M., Shaaban, Ali Fami, H. and Safa, L. 2009. Identification and analysis of the barriers of nanotechnology development in the Iranian agricultural sector from the viewpoint of the researchers. J. Sci. Technol. Policy. 2: 1. 17-26. (In Persian)
39.Sadak, M.S. and Bakry, A. 2020.Zinc-oxide and nano ZnO oxide effects on growth, some biochemical aspects, yield quantity, and quality of flax (Linum uitatissimum L.) in absence and presence of compost under sandy soil. Bull. Natl. Res. Cent. 44: 98.
40.Sharpley, A.N., Meisinger, J.J., Power, J.F. and Suarez, D.L. 1992. Root extraction of nutrients associated with long-term soil management. Adv. Soil Sci. 19: 151-217.
41.Singh, L. and Pal, B. 2000. Effect for water salinity and fertility levels on yield attributing characters of blonde psyllium. Res. Crop. 1: 85-90.
42.Soliman, A.S., El-Feky, S.A. and Darvish, E. 2015. Alleviation of salt stress on Morigna peregrine using foliar application of nono-fertilizers. J. Hort. For. 7: 2. 36-47.
43.Sudhakar, C., Reddy, P.S. and Veerajaneyula, K. 1993. Effect of salt stress on the enzymes of proline synthesis and oxidation in green gram seedling. J. Plant Physiol. 141: 621-623.
44.Vojodi Mehrabani, L., Hassanpouraghdam, M.B. and Valizadeh Kamran, R. 2018. Effect of NaCl salinity and ZnSo4 foliar application on yield and some physiological traits of Tagetes erecta L. Water Soil Sci. 28: 3. 105-115.
45.Weisany, W., Sohrabi, Y., Heidari, G., Siosemardeh, A. and Golzani, K.G. 2011. Physiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) to zinc application under salinity stress. Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5: 11. 1441-1447.
46.William, H. 2000. Official methods of analysis of AOAC international. 17nd ed. USA: Association Official Analytical Chemists. 100p.
47.Zheng, Z., Jia, A., Ning, T., Xu, J., Li, Z. and Jian, G. 2008. Potassium nitrate application alleviates sodium chloride stress in winter wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. J. Plant Physiol.165: 1455-1465.
پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 28، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 103-116

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار