اثر باکتری‌های ریزوسفری جداسازی شده از گیاهان شورپسند بر برخی ویژگی‌های رویشی و محتوای یونی رقم گندم نارین

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان یزد، یزد، ایران

2 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و کویرشناسی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهشی بخش تحقیقات جنگل و مرتع، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: افزایش روزافزون جمعیت جهان در کنار تغییرات اقلیمی و تنش‌های محیطی، تامین غذای کافی را با چالش جدی مواجه نموده است. شوری از جمله مهمترین تنش‌های موثر بر کاهش محصولات کشاورزی می‌باشد. در سالهای اخیر، استفاده از راهکارهای نوین برای تولید پایدار محصولات غذایی در شرایط تنش شوری مورد توجه قرار گرفته که باکتری‌های محرک رشد ریزوسفری از جمله این راهکارها می‌باشد. با توجه به اهمیت راهبردی گندم در تامین امنیت غذایی، این پژوهش با هدف افزایش مقاومت به شوری گندم رقم نارین با استفاده از باکتری‌های محرک رشد مقاوم به شوری جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر چند گیاه شورپسند خودروی استان یزد طراحی و اجرا گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: ویژگی‌های محرک رشد گیاه از جمله توان تولید اکسین، سیدروفور، سیانید هیدروژن، توان انحلال فسفات و مقاومت به شوری جدایه باکتری‌های جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر گیاهان شورپسند آتریپلکس، اشنان، سنبله نمکی و شور گز از رویشگاه آنها در منطقه چاه‌افضل یزد بررسی گردید. در ادامه، بذر گندم نارین با سه باکتری برتر از لحاظ ویژگی‌های محرک رشد گیاه و مقاومت به شوری تلقیح و پس از کشت گلدانی با آب با شوری‌های 4، 8 و 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر آبیاری گردید. پس از تکمیل دوره رشد رویشی، محتوای یونی سدیم، پتاسیم، کلسیم و فسفر در برگ و نیز برخی شاخص‌های رشد رویشی شامل طول ساقه، وزن خشک ساقه و ریشه و بیومس کل اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: باکتری‌های شناسایی شده شاملBacillus safensis، Bacillus pumilus و Zhihengliuella halotolerance دارای توان تولید اکسین، سیدروفور، سیانید هیدروژن، 1- آمینـو سـیکلوپروپان -1- کربوکـسیلیک اسید دآمیناز ACC) دآمیناز) و توان انحلال فسفات بودند. بیشترین مقدار تولید اکسین در باکتری B. safensis معادل 72/29 میکروگرم بر میلی‌لیتر، بیشترین مقدار تولید سیانید هیدروژن در باکتری Z. halotolerans، بیشترین مقدار ACC دآمیناز در جدایه باکتری B. pumilus به مقدار 8 میکرومول آلفا-کتوبوتیرات بر ساعت بر میلی‌گرم پروتئین و توانایی انحلال فسفات halotolerans Z. بیشتر از دو باکتری دیگر بود. نتیجه تجزیه برگ گندم نشان داد در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری، محتوای سدیم افزایش و سایر ویژگی‌های اندازه‌گیری شده نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. استفاده از باکتری‌ها باعث کاهش محتوای سدیم تا 142 درصد و افزایش محتوای پتاسیم، کلسیم و فسفر در برگ‌ گندم تحت تنش شوری به ترتیب تا 70، 92 و 295 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. همچنین طول و وزن خشک ساقه، وزن خشک ریشه و بیومس کل در تیمارهای تحت تنش شوری تلقیح شده با جدایه باکتری‌ها به ترتیب تا 44، 56، 117 و 61 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت.
نتیجه‌گیری: باکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه در این آزمایش باعث بهبود معنی‌دار مقاومت گندم رقم نارین به تنش شوری شد. B. safensis بیش از دو جدایه باکتری دیگر موجب ارتقاء شاخص‌های رشد رویشی گندم در شرایط تنش شوری گردید. این نتایج همچنین نشان داد که ریزوسفر گیاهان مرتعی شور‌پسند می‌تواند منبع مناسبی برای جداسازی باکتری‌های مقاوم به شوری جهت بهبود مقاومت گندم به شوری باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of rhizosphere bacteria isolated from halophyte plants on some growth characteristics of Triticum aestivum L. (var. Narin).

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Amini hajiabad 1
  • Asghar Mosleh Arany 2
  • Somaieh Ghasemi 3
  • Mohammadhadi Rad 4
1 Central Office of Natural Resources and Watershed Management, Yazd, Iran
2 Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
3 Dept. of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
4 Assistant Prof., Forest and Rangeland Division, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Increasing world population, along with climate change and environmental stresses, has posed a serious challenge to adequate food supply. Salinity is one of the most important stresses affecting the reduction of agricultural products. In recent years, the use of new strategies for sustainable production of food products under salinity stress has been considered, including plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria. Due to the strategic importance of wheat in food security, this study was designed and conducted with the aim of increasing the salinity resistance of wheat (Var. Narin) using plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of several halophyte plants in Yazd province.
Materials and Methods: Plant growth promoting traits such as ability to produce auxin, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, and phosphate solubility and salinity resistance of isolated bacteria from rhizosphere of halophyte plants (Atriplex lentiformis, Seidlitzea rosmarinus, Halostachys belangeriana and tamarix ramossima) in their habitats in Chahafzal in Yazd Province were investigated. Then, wheat seeds were inoculated with the best three bacteria in terms of plant growth-promoting traits and salinity resistance, and then was irrigated with water with salinities of 4, 8 and 16 ds/m. After the growth period, the ion content of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus in the leaves as well as some vegetative growth indices including stem length, stem and root dry weight and total biomass were measured.
Results: The studied bacteria including Bacillus safensis, B. pumilus and Zhihengliuella halotolerans had the ability to produce auxin, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACC deaminase) and phosphate solubility. The highest amount of auxin production was measured in B. safensis (29.72 μg/ml) and the highest amount of hydrogen cyanide production and phosphate solubility was in Z. halotolerans. The highest amount of ACC deaminase was measured in B. pumilus (8 μmol of α-ketobutyrate h–1 mg–1 protein). The results of wheat leaf analysis showed that at salinity stress levels, sodium content increased and other measured items decreased compared to the control. The use of bacteria reduced the sodium content by 142 percentage and increased the content of potassium, calcium and phosphorus in wheat leaf under salinity stress by 70, 92 and 295 percentage, respectively, compared to the control. Also, stem length, stem dry weight, root dry weight and total biomass in treatments under salinity stress and inoculated with bacterial isolates increased to 44, 56, 117 and 61 percentage, respectively, compared to the control
Conclusions: Plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria in this experiment significantly improved the resistance of wheat to salinity stress. B. safensis, more than the other two bacterial isolates, improved the growth indices of wheat var. Narin under salinity stress. These results also show that the rhizosphere of halophytic rangeland plants can be a good source for the isolation of salinity-resistant bacteria to improve the resistance of wheat plants to salinity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Atriplex"
  • "Auxin"
  • "Bacteria"
  • "Salinity"
  • "Rhizosphere"

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 28، شماره 3
مهر 1400
صفحه 165-182

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