بررسی صفات بیوشیمیایی و عملکرد مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum- greacum L.) در شرایط کشت مخلوط در رقابت همزمان با علف‌های هرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 داﻧﺸﺠﻮیﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽارﺷﺪ گروه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎی ﻫﺮز، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎری

2 نویسنده مسئول، ﮔﺮوه زراﻋﺖ،داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎری

3 ﮔﺮوه ﺑﺎﻏﺒﺎﻧﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎری

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی نقش بسیار مهمی در سلامت انسان دارند. بسیاری از مردم در کشورهای مختلف جهان به سمت مصرف این داروها گرایش پیدا کرده‌اند. بنابراین بهبود کیفیت فرآورده‌های طبیعی از گیاهان دارویی ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. کشت مخلوط با استفاده از عوامل زمان و مکان علاوه‌بر بهبود روش‌های تولید از جنبه زیست محیطی و سلامت انسان، توان افزایش تولید محصولات کشاورزی را نیز دارا می‌باشد. با توجه به مطالب ذکر شده و همچنین مدیریت علف هرز در بوم‌نظام‌‌های کشاورزی که یکی از بزرگ‌ترین مشکلاتی است که کشاورزان با آن مواجه هستند، این آزمایش با هدف بررسی صفات بیوشیمایی و عملکرد مرزه (Satureja hortensis L.) و شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum- greacum L.) در شرایط کشت مخلوط و رقابت و عدم رقابت با علف‌های هرز اجرا شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1395 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل وجین و عدم وجین علف‌های هرز به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و همچنین کشت خالص مرزه، کشت خالص شنبلیله، نسبت‌های 25:75، 50:50 و 75:25 درصد (مرزه : شنبلیله) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. علف‌های هرز غالب شناسایی شده در مزرعه شامل گاوپنبه (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.)، دم‌روباهی (Setaria glauca L.)، خربزه وحشی (Cucumis melo var. agrestis) و مرغ (Cynodon dactylon) بودند. صفات مورد ارزیابی در این پژوهش شامل: وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی مرزه و شنبلیله، رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی (کلروفیلa ، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل)، فنل کل، فلاونوئید کل، درصد فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آن‌ها و زیست توده علف هرز می‌باشد.
یافته‌ها: اثر ساده تیمارهای آزمایش بر رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی مرزه و شنبلیله معنی‌دار بوده است. محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید و درصد فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در هر دو گیاه مرزه و شنبلیله در نسبت کشت مخلوط 50% مرزه: 50% شنبلیله و در زمان آلودگی علف‌های هرز بالاترین میزان بود و تحت شرایط آلودگی علف هرز افزایش معنی‌داری را نسبت به تیمارهای عاری از علف هرز نشان داد. بیشترین میزان وزن تر مرزه و شنبلیله (به‌ترتیب 67/1586 و 33/1813 گرم در متر مربع) و وزن خشک مرزه و شنبلیله (به‌ترتیب 33/842 و 20/649 گرم در متر مربع) اندام هوایی مرزه در تیمار کشت خالص در شرایط کنترل علف‌های هرز مشاهده گردید. نتایج حاصل از بررسی داده‌ها نشان داد که در هر سه مرحله نمونه‌برداری بیشترین و کمترین زیست توده علف‌های هرز به‌ترتیب مربوط به الگوی کشت خالص مرزه و نسبت 75:25 درصد مرزه: شنبلیله بود که مرحله دوم نمونه‌برداری، بیشترین میزان وزن خشک علف‌های هرز را به خود اختصاص داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که کشت مخلوط مرزه و شنبلیله می‌تواند با بهبود استفاده از منابع، موجب ثبات در تولید و بهبود صفات بیوشیمیایی گردد. علاوه‌بر آن کاهش وزن خشک علف‌های هرز موجب کاهش خسارت علف‌های هرز و همینطور کاهش مصرف علف‌کش می‌گردد، در نتیجه می‌تواند در جهت تولید پایدار گیاهان دارویی به‌طور قابل ملاحظه‌ای موثر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation biochemical characteristics and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- greacum L.) in intercropping conditions with simultainous weed competition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Mirnemati 1
  • Faezeh Zaefarian 2
  • Vahid Akbarpour 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Weed Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
2 Corresponding Author, Dept. of Agronomy, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Dept. of Horticulture, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Medicinal plants play an important role in human health in the world. Many people in different countries of the world tend to use these drugs. Therefore, improve quality of natural medicinal plants is an absolute necessity. Intercropping using time and space, in addition of improving plant production methods in terms of environmental and human health, can increase agricultural production, also. Considering the mentioned issues and the management of weeds in agricultural landscapes, which is one of the biggest problems faced by farmers, this experiment was aim of investigation biochemical characteristics and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum- greacum L.) in intercropping with weeds competition and non- competition conditions.

Materials and method: This experiment was carried out as a split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Farm of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016. The treatments of this experiment consisted weeding and no-weeding as the main factor and also, monoculture of savory, monoculture of fenugreek, ratio of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75% (savory and fenugreek) as sub plots. Dominant weeds were identified as velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrassti Medic.), giant foxtail (Setaria glauca L.), wild melon (Cucumis melo var. agrestis), and bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). The studied traits included: shoot fresh and dry weight of savory and fenugreek, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll), total phenol, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity of them and weeds biomass.

Results: The simple effect of experimental treatments was significant on photosynthetic pigments savory and fenugreek. Phenolic and flavonoid content of leaf and antioxidant capacity for both plants were maximum in 50% savory: 50% fenugreek ratio in weed infestation and showed significant increament in weed infestation compare to weed free. Monoculture of savory showed maximum fresh (1586.67 and 1813.33 g m-2, respectively) and dry (842.33 and 649.20 g m-2, respectively) weight of shoot in weed controlled conditions. The results of the data analysis showed that in all of the three sampling, the highest and lowest biomass of weed species was related to the pure stand of savory and the ratio of 25:75% of savory: fenugreek, and the highest weed biomass was observed in the second stage of sampling.

Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that the intercropping of savory and fenugreek could stabilize the production and betterment biochemical characteristics by improving the use of resources. In addition by decreasing weeds dry weight reduces weed damage and as well as reducing herbicide use, consequently, it is effective for the sustainable production of medicinal plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Planting pattern
  • Photosynthetic pigments
  • Phenol
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