گلدهی و عملکرد میوه توت‌فرنگی رقم ’اروماس‘ تحت تأثیر بور و روی در کشت هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: با افزایش رشد جمعیت در جهان، نیاز مردم به میوه‌ها روز به روز افزایش می‌یابد. میوه‌ها بخش مهمی از رژیم غذایی انسان را تشکیل می‌دهند و مصرف آن‌ها تضمین‌کننده سلامت انسان‌هاست که در این میان توت‌فرنگی دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای است. میوه آن سرشار از فیبر، ویتامین ث، پتاسیم و آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها است. با توجه به ارزش غذایی بالای میوه توت‌فرنگی و همچنین گسترش کشت بدون خاک در جهان و در کشور ما توجه به تغذیه گیاه اهمیت زیادی دارد. تغذیه مناسب گیاه، یکی از راه‌های رسیدن به تولید محصولی اقتصادی است. از آنجایی‌ که تعادل عناصر غذایی در زمان مناسب برای تولید میوه تجاری، بهبود عملکرد و کیفیت میوه ضروری است، بنابراین محلول‌پاشی برگی در مراحل کلیدی می‌تواند اثر مثبتی بر صفات کمی و کیفی میوه محصولات چندساله داشته باشد. در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ روی ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژی ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ، دو ﻋﻨﺼﺮ کم‌مصرف ﺑﻮر و روی ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ارﺗﺒـﺎط ﺑـﺎ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن‌ﻫﺎی دروﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه اﻫﻤﯿـﺖ وﯾـﮋه‌ای دارﻧـﺪ. بدین ترتیب، نظر به اهمیت عناصر کم‌مصرف در بهبود عملکرد محصولات باغی و حفظ محیط زیست، این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اثر محلول‌پاشی روی و بور و ترکیبات تلفیقی آن‌ها بر رشد و عملکرد توت‌فرنگی رقم اروماس در کشت هیدروپونیک اجرا گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل 3×3 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 9 تکرار در طی سال 1395-1394 در گلخانه پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری اجرا شد. تیمارهای مورد استفاده شـامل سولفات‌روی (0، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و اسیدبوریک (0، 500 و 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بود. محلول‌پاشی تیمارها در سه مرحله صورت گرفت. مرحله اول محلول‌پاشی یک هفته پیش از باز شدن گل‌ها و مراحل بعدی تیمارها با فاصله دو هفته از یکدیگر بر روی بوته‌ها اسپری شدند. در این پژوهش تأثیر کاربرد عناصر روی و بور بر عملکرد، طول ریشه، قطر ریشه، شاخص کلروفیل، قطر طوقه، کلروفیل کل، کلروفیل a/b، سطح ویژه برگ، وزن ویژه برگ، قطر دمبرگ، عرض برگ، طول برگ، سطح برگ، زمان شروع گلدهی، طول دوره گلدهی، طول دمگل، قطر گل، تعداد گل، زمان شروع میوه‌دهی، طول دوره میوه‌دهی، تعداد میوه، درصد تشکیل میوه، درصد میوه‌های بازاری، درصد میوه‌های غیربازاری، نسبت طول به قطر میوه (L/D)، وزن خشک میوه، حجم میوه ودرصد ماده خشک میوه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: . نتایج نشان داد کاربرد 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سولفات‌روی به همراه 500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسیدبوریک، به‌طور معنی‌داری باعث افزایش قطر طوقه شد. کاربرد منابع حاوی بور و روی، غلظت و شاخص کلروفیل در توت‌فرنگی رقم اروماس را در مقایسه با شاهد به ‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. بالاترین سطح ویژه برگ (52/141 سانتی‌متر مربع بر گرم) در پاسخ به تیمار 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سولفات‌روی به همراه 500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسیدبوریک به دست آمد. کاربرد اسیدبوریک و سولفات‌روی، تعداد گل، طول دوره گلدهی و تعداد میوه‌ را به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش داد. با این حال با افزایش غلظت اسیدبوریک از 500 به 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، تعداد میوه در گیاه به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. به‌طور کلی کاربرد 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سولفات روی به همراه 500 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید‌بوریک جهت دسترسی به حداکثر دوره میوه‌دهی (32/91 روز) و بالاترین عملکرد (4/210 گرم) میوه توت‌فرنگی رقم اروماس پیشنهاد می‌گردد.
نتیجه‌گیری کلی: در مجموع می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که مصرف برگی عناصر ‌کم‌مصرف مانند روی و بور و کاربرد تلفیقی آن‌ها در اکثر فاکتورهای اندازه‌گیری شده زایشی و رویشی موجب بهبود پارامترهای مورد مطالعه شد. بنابراین به منظور دستیابی به عملکرد بالا و بهبود صفات رشدی توت‌فرنگی رقم اروماس در کشت هیدروپونیک می‌توان از نتایج این پژوهش بهره‌مند گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Flowering and fruit yield of ‘Aromas’ strawberry as affected by zinc and boron in hydroponic cultivation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ara Alinejad Elahshah 1
  • Hossein Moradi 2
  • Hossein Sadeghi 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: As the world's population grows, demand for fruits is increasing day by day. Fruits are an important part of the human diet and their consumption guarantees human health and strawberries are of particular importance. Strawberries are high in fiber, vitamin C, potassium and antioxidants. Due to the high nutritional value of strawberry fruits and the expansion of hydroponic cultivation in the world, and in our country, it is important to pay attention to the plant nutrition. Optimal nutrition of the plant is one of the main strategies to achieve economic productivity. Since nutrient balance is essential for commercial fruit production, improving yield and fruit quality, so foliar application at key stages can have a positive effect on the quantitative and qualitative traits of perennial crops. Among essential minerals that are involved in plant physiology, micronutrients of zinc (Zn) and boron (B), because of their relation with synthetic hormones are particularly important. So according to the importance of micronutrients on horticultural yield improving and environmental protection, this investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of zinc and boron and combination of them on growth and yield of strawberry cultivar ʻAromas’ in hydroponic system.

Materials and methods: A 3×3 factorial experiment, arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine replications, was conducted at the research greenhouse of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2016 and 2017. Treatments were zinc sulfate (0, 100 and 200 mg l-1) and boric acid (0, 500 and 1000 mg l-1). Foliar application of the treatments was carried out in three stages. The first stage was carried out a week before the flowering and in the next steps, the treatments were sprayed on plants at intervals of two weeks. In this research, the effect of zinc and boron on the yield, root length, root diameter, chlorophyll index, crown diameter, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b, specific leaf area, specific leaf weight, petiole diameter, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, flowering time, flowering period, peduncle length, flower diameter, flower number, fruitification time, fruitification period, fruit number, percentage of fruit set, percentage of marketable fruits, percentage of non-marketable fruits, fruit length to diameter ratio (L/D), fruit dry weight, fruit volume and percentage of fruit dry matter were investigated.

Results: Results showed that the application of 200 mg l-1 zinc sulfate plus 500 mg l-1 boric acid significantly increased the crown diameter. Application of zinc and boron sources significantly increased the chlorophyll concentration and index of ‘Aromas’ strawberry compared to the control treatment. The highest increases in specific leaf area (141.52 cm2g-1) were monitored in response to 100 mg l-1 zinc sulfate + 500 mg l-1 boric acid treatment. The application of zinc sulfate and boric acid significantly increased the number of flower, flowering period and number of fruit. However, by increasing the concentration of boric acid (from 500 to 1000 mg l-1) significantly reduced the number of fruit. Generally, application of 200 mg l-1 zinc sulfate plus 500 mg l-1 boric acid to achieve increased fruitification period (91.32 day) and yield (210.4 g) of ‘Aromas’ strawberry fruit is suggested.

Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that foliar application of zinc and boron and combination of both them in most of the measured reproductive and vegetative factors, improved the parameters studied.Therefore, in order to achieve high yield and improve the growth traits of strawberry cultivar ʻAromas’ in hydroponic system, the results of this research can be applied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Boric acid
  • Fruitification period
  • Specific leaf area
  • Zinc sulfate

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 28، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 43-63

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