کاهش آسیب یخ‌زدگی در گیاه پوششی کورونیلا (Coronilla varia) با محلول‌پاشی گلایسین بتائین

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد علوم باغبانی- گیاهان زینتی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه گرمسیری، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کورونیلا (Coronilla varia) یا یونجه تاجی یکی از گیاهان خانواده Fabaceae است که به صورت خودرو در مناطق مختلف ایران پراکنش دارد. سرعت گسترش مناسب ریشه و شاخساره، همچنین کیفیت ظاهری این گیاه در شرایط تنش سبب شده که برای کنترل فرسایش خاک از آن استفاده شود. علاوه بر این، دارا بودن پتانسیل سرزنی و رشد مجدد، کورونیلا را به یک گزینه مناسب برای جایگزین شدن با چمن در فضاهای سبز تبدیل کرده است. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی پاسخ کورونیلا به تنش یخ‌زدگی و تاثیر گلایسین بتائین در کاهش آسیب‌ به گیاهچه آن، انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. دمای پایین به مدت یک ساعت در پنج سطح [25 (شاهد)، صفر، ۵-، ۱۰- و ۱۵- درجه سلسیوس] به عنوان فاکتور اول و محلول‌پاشی با گلایسین بتائین (یک روز قبل از تنش یخ‌زدگی) در دو سطح (صفر و ۱۰۰ میلی‌مولار) به عنوان فاکتور دوم در نظر گرفته شد. بعد از تنش یخ‌زدگی، میزان آسیب یخ‌زدگی و شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک (محتوای نسبی آب، نشت یونی) و بیوشیمیایی (میزان کلروفیل، پرولین، پراکسیداسیون لیپیدها، پروتئین و آنزیم پراکسیداز) اندازه‌گیری شد.

یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج، مواجه گیاهچه کورونیلا با دماهای پایین (10- و 15- درجه سلسیوس) موجب افزایش آسیب به شاخساره آن شد. عدم تفاوت معنی‌دار بین دمای صفر و 5- درجه سلسیوس نشان‌دهنده قابل تحمل بودن دمای 5- درجه سلسیوس برای گیاه است. محلول‌پاشی با گلایسین بتائین خسارت و آسیب به برگ را کاهش داد. نتایج نشان داد که تحت تنش یخ‌زدگی محتوای نسبی آب برگ و ریشه کاهش می‌یابد. کمترین محتوای نسبی آب برگ با میزان 18/57 درصد و 02/59 درصد به ترتیب مربوط به تنش شدید در دماهای 10- و 15- درجه سلسیوس بود. مواجه گیاه با دماهای یخ‌زدگی مقدار نشت یونی ریشه و برگ را افزایش داد، به طوری که تحت تنش شدید دمای پایین (15- درجه سلسیوس) نسبت به شاهد (دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس) میزان نشت یونی برگ افزایش 27 درصدی نشان داد. با کاهش دما، محتوای کلروفیل برگ ابتدا در دمای صفر درجه سلسیوس نسبت به دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس افزایش و در دماهایی زیر صفر درجه سلسیوس کاهش یافت. در حالی که کاربرد گلایسین بتائین (100 میلی‌مولار) باعث افزایش محتوای کلروفیل برگ تحت شرایط تنش یخ‌زدگی شد. نتایج نشان داد که با کاهش دما، میزان پرولین در برگ و ریشه افزایش می‌یابد. محلول‌پاشی گلایسین بتائین باعث افزایش 7 درصدی پرولین برگ شد. از طرف دیگر، تنش یخ‌زدگی منجر به کاهش میزان پروتئین برگ (16 درصد) و ریشه (26 درصد) کورونیلا در دمای 10- درجه سلسیوس شد. علاوه بر این با کاهش دما، میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز برگ (66 درصد) و ریشه (156 درصد) و همچنین میزان مالون دی‎آلدهید برگ (193 درصد) و ریشه (141 درصد) افزایش یافت.

نتیجه‌گیری: می‌توان جمع‌بندی کرد که شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی کورونیلا تحت تأثیر تنش یخ‌زدگی قرار گرفتند. براساس نتایج، میزان آسیب‌پذیری برگ کورونیلا بیشتر از ریشه بود. دمای پایین از طریق کاهش محتوای نسبی آب برگ و ریشه و افزایش نشت یونی سبب آسیب به شاخساره کورونیلا شد، در حالی که محلول‌پاشی با 100 میلی‌مولار گلایسین بتائین اثرات منفی تنش را کاهش داد. همچنین محلول‎پاشی گلایسین بتائین از طریق افزایش تجمع اسمولیت‎های سازگار مانند پرولین در برگ و ریشه باعث کاهش اثرات نامطلوب تنش دمای پایین در کورونیلا گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Alleviation of freezing injury to Coronilla (Coronilla varia) Ground Cover by Foliar application of glycine betaine

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Hatami 1
  • Zeynab Roein 2
  • Mohammad Ali Shiri 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
3 Research Assistant Prof., Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Center, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ramsar, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Coronilla varia or Crownvetch is belonging to the Fabaceae family that is wildly distributed in different parts of Iran. The rapid spread of roots and shoots, as well as the ability to grow in stressful conditions, has caused it to be used to control soil erosion. In addition, the possibility of moving and regrowth has made Coronilla an appropriate alternative to turfgrass in green spaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of Coronilla to freezing stress and the effect of glycine betaine on reducing seedling damage.

Materials and methods: a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. Low temperature for one hour in five levels [25 (control), 0, -5, -10 and -15°C] were used as the first factor and spraying with glycine betaine (one day before freezing stress) on two levels (0 and 100 mM) was considered as the second factor. After freezing stress, freezing injury, and physiological (relative water content, ion leakage) and biochemical (chlorophyll, proline, lipid peroxidation, protein, and peroxidase) attributes were measured.

Results: According to the results, exposure to freezing temperatures (-10 and -15°C) increased the damage to Coronilla shoots. The absence of the difference between 0 and -5°C indicates that the temperature of -5°C is tolerable for the Coronilla. Foliar application of glycine betaine reduced leaf damage. The results showed that under freezing stress the relative water content of leaves and roots decreases. The lowest relative water content of leaf with 57.18% and 59.02% was related to severe stress at -10 and -15°C, respectively. Under freezing temperatures, the amount of ion leakage of roots and leaves increased, so that under severe stress of low temperature -15°C compared to 25°C, the amount of ion leakage of leaves increased by 27%. With decreasing temperature, the chlorophyll content of the leaves first increased at 0°C compared to 25°C, then decreased at temperatures below 0°C. While the use of glycine betaine (100 mM) increased the leaf chlorophyll content under freezing conditions. The results showed that with lowering temperatures, the amount of proline in leaf and root increased. In addition, foliar application of glycine betaine increased leaf proline by 7%. On the other hand, freezing stress led to a decrease in leaf (16%) and root (26%) protein at -10°C in Coronilla. In addition, compared to control with lowering the temperature, the high accumulation of malondialdehyde (leaf, 193%; root, 141%), and the activity of peroxidase enzyme in leaves (66%) and roots (156%) recorded.

Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that physiological and biochemical traits of Coronilla were affected by freezing stress. According to the results, leaf vulnerability was higher than the root. Low temperature caused damage to Coronilla by reducing the relative water content and ion leakage of leaves and roots. While spraying with 100 mM glycine betaine reduced the negative effects of freezing stress. Also, foliar application of glycine betaine effectively alleviates the adverse effects of freezing injury in Coronilla by increasing the accumulation of compatible osmolytes such as proline in leaves and roots.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Coronilla
  • Ion leakage
  • Physiological response
  • Proline
  • Stress
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