تاثیر محلول پاشی عناصر روی و فسفر بر صفات مورفولویک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و کیفیت دانه برنج(Oryza Sativa L.) ارقام هاشمی (محلی) و گیلانه (اصلاح شده)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران.

2 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران

چکیده

سابفه و هدف: پس از نیتروژن، فسفر دومین عنصر پرمصرف محدودکننده رشد و عملکرد و روی مهمترین عنصر کم‌مصرف می‌باشند که اثرات ناشی از کمبود آنها گسترده‌ترین و جدی‌ترین اختلالات تغذیه‌ای را در اراضی شالیزاری جهان ایجاد کرده و یکی از عوامل مهم کاهش عملکرد در گیاه برنج است. پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول‌پاشی عناصر روی و فسفر بر صفات مورفولویک، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد و کیفیت دانه برنج ارقام هاشمی (محلی) و گیلانه (اصلاح شده) انجام شد.
مواد و روشها : آزمایشی مزرعه‌‌ای دو ساله در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1396و 1397 در مزرعه پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور –رشت اجرا شد. فاکتور (عامل) های آزمایشی عبارتند از : عامل رقم در دو سطح، عامل روی در سه سطح و عامل فسفر در سه سطح. همچنین تیمارهای این آزمایش شامل : 1- عدم استفاده از کود روی (شاهد)، 2- محلول‌پاشی 5 در هزار روی از منبع سولفات روی 22 درصد در مرحله شروع آبستنی، 3- محلول‌پاشی 5 در هزار روی مرحله شروع آبستنی بهمراه محلول‌پاشی روی در مرحله شروع پرشدن دانه، و 4- عدم استفاده از کود فسفره (شاهد) 5- محلول‌پاشی 5 در هزار فسفر از منبع مونوفسفات پتاسیم آزمایشگاهی در مرحله شروع آبستنی 6- محلول‌پاشی 5 در هزار فسفر مرحله شروع آبستنی و مرحله شروع پر شدن دانه می‌باشند.
نتایج: محلول‌پاشی فسفر از بین خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی اندازه گیری شده تنها بر وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت و محتوای فسفر دانه تاثیر معنی‌دار نداشته است. اثر محلول‌پاشی روی بر بیشتر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی، به‌جزء وزن هزار دانه، شاخص برداشت و محتوای فسفر دانه در سطوح احتمال 1 و 5 درصد معنی‌دار بوده است. محلول‌پاشی با روی و فسفر پنج در هزار مرحله شروع آبستنی و در مرحله رسیدگی دانه به ترتیب باعث افزایش 00/7 و 94/12 درصدی طول خوشه در رقم گیلانه و هاشمی، افزایش 23/35 ، 00/40 درصدی دانه پر،40/6 و 00/35 درصدی دانه پوک نسبت به شاهد، افزایش 00/7 و 10/11 درصدی عملکرد دانه و افزایش 98/25 درصد و 22/19 درصدی زیست توده در ارقام گیلانه و هاشمی شده است. بالاترین میزان پروتئین برنج سفید در تیمار محلول‌پاشی با سولفات روی پنج در هزار مرحله شروع آبستنی و در مرحله رسیدگی دانه بدست آمد که به ترتیب 11 درصد برای رقم هاشمی (37/32 درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد) و 67/10 درصد برای رقم گیلانه (21/38درصد افزایش نسبت به شاهد) است.
نتیجه‌‌گیری: محلول‌پاشی با سولفات روی پنج در هزار (مرحله شروع آبستنی و در مرحله رسیدگی دانه) برترین تیمار برای صفات کیفی هر دو رقم برنج هاشمی و گیلانه بود. نتایج همچنین بر این نکته تاکید دارد که میزان روی در دانه مهمترین عامل افزایش میزان پروتئین پروتئین در دانه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of zinc and phosphorus foliar application on morphological characters, grain yield and yield components, and grain quality of rice (Hashemi (local) and Guilaneh (improved) cultivar)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shahram MahmoudSoltani 1
  • Mohammad Taghi Karbalai Agha Molki 2
1 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Rasht, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Amol, Iran. E-mail: mtkarbalai2@yahoo.com
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrients and zinc (Zn) is the most important micronutrients that their deficiency is the most important global nutrient disorder in the world paddy fields. The current field study was conducted to explain the effect of Zn and P foliar application on Zn and P content of rice grains and more broadly, grains bio-fortification (Zn and protein content).
Materials and Methods: The three factors factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications in 2017-2018 at research field of the rice research institute of Iran, Rasht. The experimental factors were: varieties at two levels (Hashemi (local) and Guilaneh (improved) varieties), Phosphorous at three levels and Zinc at three levels.Also, the experimental treatments were: 1- no zinc foliar application (control-tap water foliar application), 2- the foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate (22%) at the strat of booting, 3- the foliar application of 0.5% zinc sulphate (22%) at the strat of booting and the start of grain filling stages; 4- no P foliar application (control-tap water foliar application), 2- the foliar application of 0.5% P(mono potassium phosphate- laboratory brand) at the strat of booting, 3- the foliar application of 0.5% P at the strat of booting and the start of grain filling stages.
Results: The results of analysis of variance indicated that all the applied treatments and their interactions significantly influenced the morphological, yield and yield components, Zn and protein contents of rice grains. The results revealed that the foliar application of Zn and P the strat of booting and grain filling stages increased panicle length in Hashemi (7%) and Guilaneh (12.94%) cultivars, filled and unfertile grain number of Guilaneh (35.23- 6.40%) and Hashemi (40-35%) cultivars. Also, the foliar application of Zn and P (alone) increased the grain yield about 7 and 11.10%, respectively, and their application the strat of booting and grain filling stages increased biological yield of Hashemi and Guilaneh cultivars about 19.22 and 25.98%, respectively. The highest content of grain Zn and protein content were recorded at by the strat of booting and grain filling stages foliar application of Zn about 27 and 11 present, respectively.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the foliar application of Zn and P at the strat of booting and the start of grain filling stages might enhanced the studied rice cultivars yield and yield component and more broadly the grain quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foliar spray
  • Rice
  • Zinc
  • phosphorus

مراجع

1.Depar, N., Rajpar, I., Memon, M.Y. and Imtiaz, M. 2011. Mineral nutrient densities in some domestic and exotic rice genotypes. Pak. J. Agric. (Pakistan)
2.Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. and Clark. R.B. 2002. Micronutrients in crop production. Advances in Agronomy,77: 185-268. Academic Press.
3.FAO. 2018. Rice market monitor. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Rome.
4.Chang, H.B., Lin, C.W. and Huang, H.J. 2005. Zinc-induced cell death in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Plant Growth Regul. 46: 3. 261-266.
5.Fageria, N.K., Moreira, A. and Coelho, A.M. 2011. Yield and yield components of upland rice as influenced by nitrogen sources. J. Plant Nutr. 34: 3. 361-370.
6.Mahmoud Soltani, S. 2018. Zinc deficiency, causes, symptoms and solutions. Technical Bulletin. Rice Research Institute of Iran. 31p.
7.Mahmoud Soltani, S. 2020b. Zn biofortification, grain protein content, and zinc and phosphorus content of rice tissues at different growth stages affected by zinc and phosphorus foliar application. Iran J. Soil Water Res. (Accepted)
8.Broadley, M.R., White, P.J., Hammond, J.P., Zelko, I. and Lux, A. 2007. Zinc in plants. New Phytol. 173: 677-702.
9.Kumari, P., Singh, A.K., Dewangan, P.K., Pankaj, S.C. and Lakra, A.K. 2017. Effect of foliar application of nutrients on soybean. J. Plant Dev. Sci. 9: 3. 261-264.
10.Mahmoud Soltani, S., Allahgholipoor, M., Shakoori, M. and Poursafar Tabalvandani, A. 2020a. Effect of basal and foliar application of zinc sulphate fertilizer on zinc uptake, yield and yield components of rice (Hashemi cultivar). Iranian J. Soil Water Res. (In press)(In Persian with English abstract)
11.Mahmoud Soltani, S. 2019. Quantitative and qualitative improvement of rice grain in paddy field through macro and micronutrient management strategies (focus on phosphorus and zinc). Final project report. Rice research institute of Iran. Rasht. Iran.
12.Chakeralhosseini, M.R., Mohtashami, R. and Owliaie, H.R. 2009. Effects of rate, source, and method of zinc fertilizer application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of rice (Choram l). J. Res. Agric. Sci. 5: 1. 33-43. (In Persian with English abstract)
13.Hoseinzadeh, H., Mahdavi Damghani, A. and Delkhosh, B. 2012. The effects of zinc sulphate foliar application on yield and yield components of rice (Shiroodi Cultivar). J. New Find. Agric. 7: 1. 47-55. (In Persian)
14.Ramazani, A., Solhi, M. and Rezaei M. 2018. Effects of foliar application of zinc fertilizer on grain yield and zinc content of rice grain cv. Sazandegi. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 16: 1. 125-136. (In Persian with English abstract)
15.Mahmoud Soltani, S., Mohamed, M.H., Samsuri, A., Syed, M. and Sharifah, K. 2017. Lime and Zn application effects on soil and plant Zn status at different growth stages of rice in tropical acid sulphate paddy soil. Aza. J. Agric.
4: 4. 127-138.
16.Mahmoud Soltani, S. 2018. Zinc deficiency, causes, symptoms and solutions. Technical Bulletin. Rice Research Institute of Iran. 31p.
17.Mahmoud Soltani, S., Hanafi, M.M., Samsuri, A.W., Muhammed, S.K.S. and Hakim, M.A. 2016. Rice growth improvement and grains bio-fortification through lime and zinc application in zinc deficit tropical acid sulphate soils. Chem. Spec. Bioava. 28: 1-4. 152-162.
18.Mahmoud Soltani, S., Mohamed, M.H., Abdul, W.S. and Sharifah, K. 2017. Lime and Zn interactions effects on yield, yield component, and quality of rice in Zn deficit tropical paddy soil.Az. J. Agric. 4: 5. 185-192.
19.Amacher, M.C. 1996. Micronutrients. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3-Chemical Methods, pp. 739-768.
20.Emami, A. 2006. Methods of plant analysis. Technical bulletin No. 982. Soil and water research institute of Iran.
21.Rose, T.J. and Wissuwa, M. 2012. Rethinking internal phosphorus utilization efficiency: a new approach is needed to improve PUE in grain crops. Advan. Agron. 116: 185-217. 
22.Singh, A.L., Singh, P.K. and Latha, P. 1988. Effect of split application of phosphorous on the growth of azolla and low land rice. Fertil. Res. 16: 20. 109-117.
23.Allagholipoor, M. 2016. Analysis of grain yield stability of new rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes originated from Iranian local cultivars. Ir. J. Crop Sci. 18: 301. 289-294.
24.Mannan, M.A., Bhuiya, M.S.U., Hossain, H.M.A. and Akhand, M.I.M. 2010. Optimization of nitrogen rate for aromatic Basmati rice (Oriza sativa L.). Bangladesh J. Agric. Res. 35: 1. 157-165.
25.Moosavi, S.G., Mohamadi, A., Baradaran, R., Seghatolislam, M.J. and Amiri, A. 2015. Effect of different N fertilizer amounts on morphological characters, yield and yield component of three rice cultivars. Iranian J. Field Crops Res. 13: 1. 146-152. (In Persian with English abstract)
26.Malakoti, M.G. and Tehrani, M.M. 1993. The Role of Micro Nutrients in Crop Yield and Quality Improvement (Micro-elements with Grand Effect). Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran.(In Persian)
27.Malakooti, M.J. and Kavoosi, M. 2004. Balance nutrition of rice. SANA publication press. Tehran, Iran.
28.Turner, F.T. and Jund, M.F. 1991. Chlorophyll meter to predict nitrogen topdress requirement for semidwarf rice. Agron. J. 83: 5. 926-928.
29.Rahman, K.M., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Sharmeen, F., Sarkar, A., Hye, M.A., Biswas, G.C. and Sarkar, A. 2011. Effect of zinc and phosphorus on yield of Oryza sativa (cv. br-11). Bangladesh Res. Pub. J. 5: 4. 315-358.
30.Khan, M.U. and Qasim, M. 2007. Effect of Zn fertilizer on rice grown in different soils of Dera Ismail Khan. Sarhad J. Agric. 23: 4. 1033.
31.Abbas, M., Shah, J.A., Irfan, M. and Memon, M.Y. 2016. Evaluating nitrogen and phosphorus requirement for the economical harvest of rice genotype ‘NIA-19/A’. Sci. Intl. 28: 4. 3977-3982.
32.Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C. and Clark, R.B. 2002. Micronutrients in crop production. Advances in Agronomy,
77: 185-268. Academic Press.
33.Yazdani Motlag, N., Reyhanitabar, A. and Najafi, N. 2013. Effects of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on their, and as well on potassium uptake by rice plant under flooded vs. non-flooded conditions. Iranian J. Soil Water Res. 44: 2. 183-192. (In Persian with English abstract)
34.Matsuzaki, T. 2001. Control method of the pecky rice bugs in Toyama Prefecture. Plant Prot. 55: 451-454.
35.Khan, M.U., Qasim, M. and Jamil, M. 2002. Effect of different levels of zinc on the extractable zinc content of soil and chemical composition of rice. Asian J. Plant Sci.
36.Jiang, W., Struik, P.C., Lingna, J., Van Keulen, H., Ming, Z. and Stomph, T.J. 2007. Uptake and distribution of
root-applied or foliar-applied 65Zn after flowering in aerobic rice. Ann. Appl. Biol. 150: 3. 383-391.
37.Ram, H., Rashid, A., Zhang, W., Duarte, A.P., Phattarakul, N., Simunji, S. et al. 2016. Biofortification of wheat, rice and common bean by applying foliar zinc fertilizer along with pesticides in seven countries. Plant Soil, 403: 389-401.
38.Mafi, S., Sadeghi, M. and Doroodian, H.R. 2013. The effect of P and Zn fertilizers on yield and yield component of rice (Hashemi cultivar). First national conference on sustainable agriculture and healthy environment. Azad University, Hamedan Branch. Hamedan. Iran.
39.Mahmoudi, M., Malakooti, M.J. and Ramzanpour, M. 2004. A study on the effects of zinc sulphate on two varieties of rice in the east of Mazandaran province. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour.11: 2. 55-63.
40.Singh, A.K., Singh, N.P. and Nongkyarih, P. 2014. Response of rice to Zn in the soils of Meghalaya. Fertilizer News. 47: 8. 53-54.
41.Zayed, B.A., Salem, A.K.M. andEl Sharkawy, H.M. 2011. Effect of different micronutrient treatments on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and yield under saline soil conditions. World J. Agric. Sci. 7: 2. 179-184.
42.Rehim, A., Zafar-Ul-Hye, M., Imran, M., Ali, M.A. and Hussain, M. 2014. Phosphorus and zinc application improves rice productivity. Pakistan J. Sci. 66: 2. 134.
43.Uphoff, N. 2005. The development of the System of Rice Intensification.Part Res. Dev. Sus. Agric. Rur. Dev.3: 119-125.
44.Shokrivahed, H. 2009. The effects of foliar supplements of micro nutrients on the yield and yield components of Hashemi rice variety. Final report of Rice Research Institute of Iran. 20p.(In Persian)
45.Zhu, C., Gao, X., Shi, R., Fan, X.and Zhang, F., 2008. Micronutrient deficiencies in crop production in China. In Micronutrient deficiencies in global crop production (pp. 127-148). Springer, Dordrecht.
46.Srivastava, P.C., Bhatt, M., Pachauri, S.P. and Tyagi, A.K. 2014. Effect of zinc application methods on apparent utilization efficiency of zinc and phosphorus fertilizers under basmati rice–wheat rotation. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci. 60: 1. 33-48.
47.Shivay, Y.S., Prasad, R. and Rahal, A. 2010. Genotypic variation for productivity, zinc utilization efficiencies, and kernel quality in aromatic rice under low available zinc conditions. J. Plant Nutr. 33: 1835-1848.
48.Kumar, R., Kumar, M., Yadav, S. and Kumar, R. 2020. Effect of sources and methods of zinc application on productivity, nutrient uptake and Zinc use efficiency of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int. J. Curr. Microbiol.App. Sci. 9: 1. 2231-2242.
49.Karak, T. and Das, D. 2006. Effect of foliar application of different sources of Zn application on the changes in Zn content, uptake and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In 18th World Congress of Soil Science. Philadelphia. USA.
50.Gao, X., Hoffland, E., Stomph, T., Grant, C.A., Zou, C. and Zhang, F. 2012. Improving zinc bioavailability in transition from flooded to aerobic rice. A review. Agron. Sus. Dev. 32: 2. 465-478.
 
 
51.Abbasian, A. and Aminpanah, H. 2017. Effects of previous crop and rate of phosphorous fertilizer application on yield and yield components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Shiroudi. J. Crop Physiol. 11: 4. 889-904.
52.Yazdani Motlag, N., Reyhanitabar, A. and Najafi, N. 2013. Effects of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on their, and as well on potassium uptake by rice plant under flooded vs. non-flooded conditions. Iranian J. Soil Water Res. 44: 2. 183-192. (In Persian with English abstract)
 
53.Tuyen, T.Q., Van Phung, C. and Tinh, T.K. 2006. Influence of long term application of N, P, and K Fertilizer on major soil elements. Omonrice. 14: 92-96.
54.Islam, M.A., Islam, M.R. and Sarker, A.B.S. 2008. Effect of phosphorus on nutrient uptake of japonica and indica rice. J. Agr. Rural Dev. 6: 1-2. 7-12.
55.Marschner, H. 2011. Marschner's mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic press.
پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 29، شماره 2
تیر 1401
صفحه 35-57

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار