اثر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه و کارآیی مصرف تابش در سه نوع لوبیا قرمز، سفید و چیتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

3 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران

4 گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گیاه لوبیا به شرایط آب و خاک و کیفیت آن بسیار حساس بوده و عملکرد آن حتی در دوره‌های کوتاه ‌مدت تنش صدمه می‌بیند. کمبود آب تأثیرات بسیار منفی بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد لوبیا دارد. با توجه به این که تنش خشکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی در بخش کشاورزی است، تلاش‌های زیادی برای حفظ عملکرد گیاهان تحت شرایط خشکی صورت گرفته است .کم‌آبیاری، انتخاب یک راهبرد بهینه و برتر برای استفاده از آب تحت شرایط کمبود و یا بالا بودن قیمت آب است. بنابراین با توجه به اهمیت موضوع، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تأثیر تنش خشکی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف تابش در کشت انواع مختلف لوبیا در شرایط آب و هوایی مشهد انجام گردید.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای بررسی تأثیر تیمارهای آبیاری بر عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد و کارآیی مصرف تابش در سه نوع لوبیا آزمایشی بصورت کرت‌های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در بهار دو سال 96-1395 و 97-1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل آبیاری بدون تنش (آبیاری بر اساس 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و سطوح تنش خشکی (آبیاری بر اساس 75 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) بعنوان کرت اصلی و سه نوع لوبیا (قرمز، سفید و چیتی) بعنوان کرت فرعی بودند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS و مقایسه میانگین تیمارها بر مبنای آزمونLSD در سطح احتمال پنج درصد انجام گردید.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثر متقابل آبیاری و نوع لوبیا بر عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی، شاخص برداشت، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و کارایی مصرف تابش معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت (به ترتیب 44/1421 و 6/4126 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 76/35 درصد) مربوط به لوبیا قرمز و کمترین آن (به ترتیب 67/872 و 5/2225 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 52/30 درصد) مربوط به لوبیا چیتی بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت (به ترتیب 28/1602 و 9/4811 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 24/39 درصد) مربوط به آبیاری بدون تنش و کمترین آن (به ترتیب 22/1093 و 8/3388 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 06/33 درصد) مربوط به تنش خشکی (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی) بود. نتایج اثر متقابل نشان داد بیشترین تعداد غلاف در بوته در آبیاری بدون تنش در لوبیا قرمز و سفید بود و کمترین تعداد غلاف در بوته در لوبیا چیتی (با 08/38 درصد کاهش) در آبیاری بدون تنش به دست آمد. بیشترین تعداد دانه در غلاف در تنش خشکی (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی) در لوبیا قرمز و کمترین آن در لوبیا چیتی (با 78/63 درصد کاهش) در تنش خشکی (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی) به دست آمد. بیشترین وزن صد دانه در آبیاری بدون تنش بود و کمترین وزن صد دانه در تنش خشکی (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی) بود. بیشترین وزن صد دانه در لوبیای قرمز به دست آمد. بیشترین میزان کارایی مصرف تابش در شرایط آبیاری بدون تنش (8/1 گرم بر مگاژول) و کمترین آن در تیمار تنش خشکی (آبیاری بر اساس 50 درصد نیاز آبی) بود. کارایی مصرف تابش در لوبیا قرمز (9/1 گرم بر مگاژول) نسبت به لوبیا سفید (6/1 گرم بر مگاژول) و لوبیا چیتی (5/1 گرم بر مگاژول) بیشتر بود.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصله آبیاری بدون تنش و لوبیای قرمز جهت حصول به عملکرد بالاتر، مطلوب به نظر می-رسد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of drought stress on yield and yield components and radiation use efficiency of three types of red, white and pinto beans

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Rashidi 1
  • Mohammad Bannayan aval 2
  • Khosro Azizi 3
  • Mahdi Nasiri Mahalati 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Dept. of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
4 Dept. of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background andobjectives: Bean plant is very sensitive to water and soil conditions and its quality and its yield is damaged even in short periods of stress. Water deficiency has very negative effects on grain yield and bean yield components. Due to the fact that drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses in the agricultural sector, many efforts have been made to maintain crop yields under drought conditions. Conditions are shortages or high water prices. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and efficiency of radiation consumption in growing different types of beans in Mashhad climate.
Materials and Methods: To investigate the effect of irrigation treatments on grain yield and yield components and radiation use efficiency in three types of experimental beans in the form of split plots based on randomized complete blocks in three replications in the spring of 2016-2017 and 2017-97 in the research farm. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental factors include non-stress irrigation (irrigation based on 100% of plant water requirement) and drought stress levels (irrigation based on 75% of plant water requirement and irrigation based on 50% of plant water requirement) as main plot and three types of beans (red, white And Chiti) as sub-plots. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and comparison of means of treatments based on LSD test at a probability level of 5%.
Results: The results showed that the interaction effect of irrigation and bean type on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and radiation consumption efficiency was significant. The highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (1421.44 and 4126.6 kg / ha and 35.76%, respectively) were related to red beans and the lowest (872.67 and 2225.5 kg / ha and 52, respectively). / 30%) was related to pinto beans. The highest grain yield, biological yield and harvest index (1602.28 and 4811.9 kg / ha and 39.24%, respectively) were related to stress-free irrigation and the lowest (1093.222 and 3388.8 kg / ha, respectively). 33.06%) was related to drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). The results of interaction showed that the highest number of pods per plant in non-stress irrigation was red and white beans and the lowest number of pods per plant in pinto beans (with 38.08% reduction) was obtained in non-stress irrigation. The highest number of seeds per pod was obtained in drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement) in red beans and the lowest in pinto beans (with 63.78% decrease) in drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). The highest 100-seed weight was in non-stress irrigation and the lowest 100-seed weight was in drought stress (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). The highest weight of 100 seeds was obtained in red beans. The highest efficiency of radiation consumption was in non-stress irrigation conditions (1.8 g / mJ) and the lowest was in drought stress treatment (irrigation based on 50% water requirement). Radiation consumption efficiency was higher in red beans (1.9 g / mJ) than white beans (1.6 g / mJ) and pinto beans (1.5 g / mJ).
Conclusion: According to the results, stress-free irrigation and red beans to achieve higher yields, it seems desirable.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • 100 seed weight
  • number of pod per plant
  • seed number per pod

مراجع

1.FAO. 2019. FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
2.Salehi, F. 2015. Principles of breeding and cultivation of common bean. AREEO. (In Persian)  
3.Dorri, H.R. 2008. Bean Agronomy. Publication Series of Research Center of Bean, Khomein. P 46. Agric. Forest Met. 139: 74-83. (In Persian)  
4.Bagheri, A., Nezami, A. and Soltani, M. 2000. Improvement of cool season pulse crops for tolerance against stresses. AREEO. 445p. (In Persian)
5.Majnoun Hosseini, N. 2008. Grain legume production. Tehran Univ Press, Tehran, Iran. 105p. (In Persian)  
6.Ghanbari, A.A., Keshavarz, S., Mousavi, S.H. and Abbasian, A. 2012. Effect of water deficiency on yield and yield components of red and white bean and pinto bean. Fifth National Congress of Pulses. https://civilica.com/doc/275796/.
7.Fageria, N.K. and Santos, A.B. 2008. Yield physiology of dry bean. J. Plant Nutr. 31: 983-1004.
8.Ghanbari, A.M. and Taheri Mazandarani, A. 2004. Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield of spotted bean. J. Seed Plant. 19: 483-496. (In Persian)
9.Souza, G.M., Aidar, S.T., Giaveno, C.D. and Oliveira, R.F. 2003. Drought stability in different commonbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes. Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol. 3: 3. 203-208. 
10.Teran, H. and Singh, S.P. 2002. Comparison of sources and lines selected for drought resistance in common bean. Crop Sci. 42: 1. 64-70.
11.Szilagyi, L. 2003. Influence of drought on seed yield components in common bean. Bulgarian. J. Plant Physiol. 9: 320-330.
12.German, C. and Teran, H. 2006. "Selection for drought resistance in dry bean landraces and cultivars". Crop Sci. 46: 2111-2120.
13.Khaghani, SH., Bihamta, M.R., Changizi, M., Dari, H., Khaghani, Sh., Bakhtiari, A. and Safapour, M. 2010. Compare quantitative and qualitative traits of white and kidney bean in normal irrigation and drought stress conditions. Env. Stresses Crop Sci.1: 2. 169-182. 
14.FAO. 2010. FAOSTAT. Available in http://faostat.fao.org/ [28 May 2010].
15.Ebadi, M., Majnoon Hosseini, N. and Chai Chi, M. 2016. Effect of root fungus and humic compounds on yield and yield components of single cross 704 maize under low irrigation conditions.J. Crop Sci. 47: 2. 174-165.
16.Vafabakhsh, J., Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Koocheki, A. 2012. Effect of drought stress on yield and radiation use efficiency of rape seed (Brassica napus L.). Iranian J. Crop Res. 6: 1. 193-204. (In Persian with English abstract)  
17.Sepaskhah, A.R. and Ahmadi, S.H. 2010. A review on partial root zone drying irrigation. Int. J. Plant. Pro.4: 4. 241-259.
18.Tsubo, M., Walker, S. and Mukhala, E. 2001. Comparisons of radiation use efficiency of mono/intercropping system with different row orientation. Field Crops Res. 71: 17-29.
19.Anonymous. 2009. Statistics of Agricultural Crops. Center of Statistics and Information, Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
20.German, C. and Henry, T. 2006. Selection for drought resistance in dry bean landraces and cultivars. Crop Sci. 46: 2111-2120.
21.Tohidi, M., Nadery, A., Siadat, S. and Lak, S. 2012. Variables productivity of light interception in grain maize hybrids at various amount of nitrogen. World Appl. Sci. J. 16. 86-93.
22.Earl, H.J. and Davis, R.F. 2003. Effect of drought stress on leaf and whole canopy radiation use efficiency and yield of maize. Agron. J. 95: 688-696.
23.Monteith, J.A. 1977. Climate and efficiency of crop production in Britain. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B,
281: 277-294.
24.Araus, J.L., Salfer, G.A., Reynold, M.P. and Royo, C. 2002. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: What should we breed for? Ann. Bot. 89: 925-240.
25.Bai, Z., Mao, S., Han, Y., Feng, L., Wang, G. and Yang, B. 2016. Studyon light interception and biomass production of different cotton cultivars. Publish with PLOS ONE. 11: 5. 1-17.
26.Kamel, M., Shobeiri, S. and Mohammadi, B. 2016. Technical instructions of beans planting, holding and harvesting and cultivars introduction. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. 27p. (In Persian)  
27.Abbasi, F., Sohrab, F. and Abbasi, N. 2017. Evaluation of irrigation efficiencies in Iran. Irrig. Drain. Struc. Eng. Res.
(In Persian with English abstract)  
28.Alamdari, E. 2018. The effect of deficit irrigation on yield and physiological traits of bean cultivars. Plant Prod. Sci. 18: 1. 47-61. (In Persian with English abstract)   
29.Nasiri Mahallati, M. 2008. Modeling. The book of modern agriculture. Collectors: Kouchaki, A., and Khajeh Hosseini, M. Mashhad University Jihad Publications, Mashhad. (In Persian)  
30.Monteith, J.A. 1977. Climate and efficiency of crop production in Britain. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B.281: 277-294. 
31.Habib Porkashefi, E., Gharineh, M.H., Shafei Nia, A. and Rooz Rokh, M. 2017. Effect of different levels of zeolite on yield and yield components of red bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress in Kermanshah weather. Plant Prod. Sci. 1: 57-69. 
32.Tesfaye, K., Walker, S. and Tsubo, M. 2006. Radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of three grain legumes under water deficit conditions in a semi-arid environment. Europ. J. Agron. 25: 60-70.
33.Nezami, A., Sedaghat Khahi, H., Porsa, H., Parsa, M. and Bagheri, A. 2009. Evaluation of fall sowing of cold tolerant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes to cold under supplemental irrigation in Mashhad. Iranian J. Crop Res. 8: 415-423 (In Persian with English abstract) 
34.Amiri Dehghani, S.R., Parsa, M. and Gangeali, A. 2010. The effects of drought stress at different phonological stages on morphological traits andyield component of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in greenhouse conditions. Iranian J. Crop Res. 8: 1. 157-166.(In Persian with English abstract)  
35.Parsa, M., Ganjeali, A., Rezayanzadeh, E. and Nezami, A. 2012. Effects of supplemental irrigation on yield and growth indices of three chickpe(Cicer arietinum L.). Iran. J. Crop Sci. 9: 1-14 (In Persian with English abstract)
36.Rosales-Serna, R., Kohashi-Shibata, J., Acosta-Gallegos, J.A., Trejo-Lo'pez, C., Soritz-Cereceres, J. and Kelly, J.D. 2004. Biomass distribution, maturity acceleration and yield in drought-stresses common bean cultivars. Field Crops Res. 85: 203-211. 
37.Davoodi, S.H., Rahemi Karizaki, A., Nakhzari Moghaddam, A. and Gholamalipour, E. 2018. The effect of deficit irrigation using drought tolerance indices in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Crop Ecophy. (In Persian with English abstract)
38.Gebeyehu, S. 2006. Physiological response to drought stress of common bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.) genotype differing in drought resistance. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Giessen. Germany.
39.Parjol, Y. 2001. Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and its response to irrigation regime in the north China plain. Agric. Forest Met. 148: 1848-1859. 
40.Sabokdast, M. and Khyalparast, F. 2008. A study of relationship between grain and yield components in common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).J. Sci. Tech. Agric. Nat. Res.11: 42. 123-134. (In Persian)
41.Karimzadeh, H.A., Nezami, A., Kafi,M. and Taddayon, M.R. 2017. Effectof deficit irrigation on yield andyield components of pinto bean genptypes in Shahrekord. Iran J.Puls Res. 8: 1. 113-126. (In Persian with English abstract)  
42.Ramirez Builes, V.H., Porch, T.G. and Harmsen, E.W. 2011. Genotypic difference in water use efficiency of common bean under drought stress. Agron. J. 103: 1206-1215. 
43.Ghalandari, S., Kafi, M., Goldani, M. and Bagheri, A. 2019. Effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological traits of pinto bean cultivars. Iran J. Puls Res. 10: 1. 114-125. (In Persian with English abstract)  
44.Amiri, S.A., Parsa, M., Bannayan Aval, M., Nassiri Mahallati, M. and Deyhim Fard, R. 2015. Effect of irrigation level and nitrogen on yiled and yield component of Cicer arietinum L. under Mashhad weather. Iran J. Puls. Res. 6: 1. 66-77.
(In Persian with English abstract)
45.Liu, F., Jensen, C.R. and Andersen, M.N., 2004. Drought stress on carbohydrate concentration in soybean leaves and pods during early reproductive development: its implication in altering pod set. Field Crop Res. 86: 1-13. 
46.German, C. and Henry, T. 2006. Selection for drought resistance in dry bean landraces and cultivars. Crop Sci. 46: 2111-2120.  
47.Coulson, C.L. 1985. Radiant energy conversion in three cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. Agric. Forest Met. 35: 21-29. 
48.Vafabakhsh, J., Nassiri Mahallati, M., Koocheki, A. 2012. Effect of drought stress on yield and radiation use efficiency of rape seed (Brassica napus L.). Iranian J. Crop Res. 6: 1. 193-204. (In Persian with English abstract)
49.Karimzadeh Sooreshjani, H., Nezami, A., Kafi, M. and Tadayon, M.R. 2018. Evaluation of radiation use efficiency and growth indices of bean genotypes (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in deficit irrigation condition. Iranian J. Crop Res. 16: 3. 525-540. (In Persian with English abstract)  
50.Ricardo, J.H., Dardanelli, J.L., Otegui, M.E. and Collino, D.J. 2008. Seed yield determination of peanut crops under water deficit: soil strength effects on pod set, the source- sink ratio and radiation use efficiency. Field Crops Res. 109: 24-33. 
51.Hamzei, J. and Soltani, J. 2012. Deficit irrigation of rapeseed for water-saving: effects on biomass accumulation, light interception and radiation use efficiency under different N rates. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 155: 153-160.
پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 29، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 143-164

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار