تأثیر الگوهای مختلف کشت مخلوط ارزن معمولی و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد آن‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری گروه ژنتیک و تولید گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سیستم‌های کشت مخلوط از طریق استفاده بهینه از مواد مغذی، زمین، نور، آب و خاک نقش مهمی در افزایش کیفیت و عملکرد محصول و کیفیت محیط زیست دارند. با توجه به اهمیت کشت مخلوط در راستای توسعه پایدار کشاورزی، این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی کشت مخلوط ارزن معمولی– لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی تحت الگوی جایگزینی و افزایشی انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به منظور ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد کشت مخلوط ارزن معمولی (رقم پیشاهنگ) و لوبیا چشم بلبلی (رقم مشهد) انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کشت خالص ارزن معمولی و لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، 25% ارزن معمولی + 75% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، 50% ارزن معمولی + 50% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، 75% ارزن معمولی + 25% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، 100% ارزن معمولی +25% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، 25% ارزن معمولی +100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، 100% ارزن معمولی +50% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی، 50% ارزن معمولی +100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی بود. علاوه بر ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد، نسبت برابری زمین برای هر دو گیاه نیز محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین در گیاه ارزن نشـان داد که صـفت تعداد پنجه در بوته ارزن در نسبت‌های کشـت 75% ارزن + 25% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و 100% ارزن + 50% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و صفت تعداد دانه در بوته در نسبت کشت 25% ارزن + 100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی در مقایسه با شاهد (100% ارزن) به ترتیب بیش‌ترین افزایش (به ترتیب 41% و 40%) و بیش‌ترین کاهش (86%) را در بین صفات مورد مطالعه داشتند. هم‌چنین مشخص گردید عملکرد دانه ارزن معمولی در نسبت‌های کشت 75% ارزن + 25% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و 25% ارزن + 100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی بیش‌ترین و کمترین عملکرد دانه را داشتند و در مقایسه با شاهد به ترتیب عملکرد دانه را 24% افزایش و 31% کاهش دادند. نتایج تجزیه گروه در ارزن معمولی نشان داد که هشت تیمار مورد مطالعه در مجموع در سه گروه شامل دو تیمار 50% ارزن + 50% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و 50% ارزن + 100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی به عنوان بهترین نسبت‌های کشت در ارزن معمولی بود. علاوه بر این مشخص گردید که عملکرد دانه لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی در تمام تیمارها در مقایسه با شاهد کاهش یافت. با این حال بیش‌ترین کاهش مربوط به نسبت‌های کشت 25% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی + 100% ارزن و 25% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی + 75% ارزن بود. نتایج تجزیه گروه لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی نشان داد که هشت تیمار مورد مطالعه در مجموع در دو گروه قرار گرفتند و دو تیمار شاهد (100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی) و نسبت کشت 100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی + 25% ارزن به عنوان بهترین نسبت‌های کشت لوبیا شناخته شدند. با محاسبه نسبت برابری زمین کل مشخص شد که میزان این پارامتر در تمام تیمارها بیش از یک می‌باشد که این موضوع برتری کشت مخلوط را روشن می‌سازد. با این حال نسبت برابری زمین در نسبت‌های کشت 75% ارزن + 25% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و 25% ارزن + 100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی به ترتیب بیش‌ترین و کمترین نسبت برابری زمین کل را داشتند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که کشت مخلوط ارزن معمولی با لوبیا چشم بلبلی منجر به افزایش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد در مقایسه با کشت خالص گردید. بهترین نسبت‌های کشت مخلوط تیمار 50% ارزن معمولی+ 50% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی و 50% ارزن معمولی + 100% لوبیا چشم‌بلبلی بود. در کلیه نسبت‌های مخلوط LER بالاتر از یک بود که این امر نشان‌دهنده افزایش کارایی و سودمندی زراعی نسبت‌های مختلف کشت مخلوط دو گیاه ارزن معمولی و لوبیا چشم بلبلی نسبت به کشت خالص آن‌ها است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Intercropping Patterns of Common millet and Cowpea on Yield and Yield Components

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Amiri 1
  • Batool Mahdavi 2
  • Mina Rafiee 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Genetic and Crop Production, Agriculture College, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Genetic and Crop Production, Agriculture College, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
3 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Genetic and Crop Production, Agriculture College, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. E-mail: minarafiee1989@gmail.com
چکیده [English]

Effect of Different Intercropping Patterns of Common millet and Cowpea on Yield and Yield Components

Introduction
Intercropping systems play an important role in increasing crop quality, yield and environmental quality through the optimal use of soil, light and water nutrients. Due to the importance of intercropping for sustainable agricultural development, this study will be conducted in order to investigate the intercropping of common millet- cowpea under the alternative and incremental model.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications to evaluate the yield and yield components of common millet (v. Pishahang) and cow pea (v. Mashhad) in intercropping. Treatments included 100% common millet (control), 100% cow pea(control), 25% common millet + 75% cow pea, 50% common millet + 50% cow pea, 75% common millet + 25% cow pea, 100% common millet +25% cow pea, 25% common millet + 100% cow pea, 100% common millet + 50% cow peaand 50% common millet + 100% cow pea. The studied traits were yield and yield components for both plants. Also, LER calculated for both plants.
Results and Discussion
The results of mean comparison of common millet showed that tiller number in common millet in 75% common millet + 25% cowpea and 100% common millet + 50% cowpea and seed number in plant in 25% common millet + 100% cowpea as compared to control (100% common millet) had the highest increase (41% and 40%, respectively) and the highest decrease (86%) among studied traits, respectively.It was also found that seed yield of common millet in 75% common millet + 25% cowpea and 25% common millet + 100% cowpea when compared to control (100% common millet) had the most increase (24%) and the most decrease (31%). Also, the results of cluster analysis in common millet showed that eight cultivated ratios were divided into three clusters and two cultivated ratios 50% common millet + 50% cowpea and 50% common millet + 100% cowpea were introduced as the best cultivated ratios in common millet. In addition, it was found that seed yield of cowpea decreased in all cultivatied ratios with compared to control. However, the greatest decrease was in the cultivatied ratios 25% cowpea+ 100% common millet and 25% cowpea+ 75% common millet. The cluster analysis results in cowpea showed that the eight cultivatied ratios were divided into two clusters, and two cultivatied ratios, control (100% cowpea) and 100% cowpea+ 25% common millet were known as the best cultivated ratios of cowpea. By calculating the land equivalent ratio found that this parameter was more than one in all cultivated ratios, which showed the superiority of mixed cultivation. However, the land equivalent ratio in the cultivated ratios 75% millet + 25% cowpea and 25% millet + 100% cowpea had the highest and lowest land equivalent ratio, respectively.
Conclusions
The results showed that the common millet with cowpea intercropping increased yield and yield components compared to monoculture. The best additive intercropping treatment was 50% common millet + 50% cowpea and 50% common millet + 100% cowpea. LER was much higher than one in all of the intercropping ratios, which indicates an increase in agricultural efficiency and usefulness of different ratios of intercropping crops of common millet and cowpea compared to their pure culture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Mixed Cropping
  • Protein percentage
  • Seed yield
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