اثر کاربرد برگی گاما‌آمینو بوتیریک‌ اسید بر برخی خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی و بیان ژن‌های PAL وCHS در انگور رقم قزل‌اوزوم (Vitis vinifera L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

4 استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

5 دانشیار پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:انگور یکی از مهمترین محصولات میوه‌ای در سطح جهان است و دارای ارزش غذایی بالا با فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ضد سرطانی قوی است. امروزه استفاده از ترکیبات سالم طبیعی از جمله ترکیبات نیتروژن آلی برای بهبود کیفی میوه اهمیت زیادی پیدا کرده است. کاربرد اسیدهای آمینه به‌عنوان یکی از ترکیبات طبیعی نیتروژنه می‌تواند باعث افزایش کیفیت تغذیه‌ای میوه‌ها شود. در مطالعه حاضر ازگاما آمینوبوتیریک اسید به‌عنوان یک اسیدآمینه غیر‌پروتئینی جهت بهبود خصوصیات کیفی میوه انگور رقم قزل‌اوزوم استفاده شد.

مواد و روش ها: آزمایش در دو باغ جداگانه واقع در دو منطقه ارومیه با شرایط آب و هوایی (میکروکلیما) متفاوت و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با محلول‌پاشی گابا در 4 غلظت (0، 5، 10 و 25 میلی‌مولار) در دو مرحله زمانی (مرحله veraison و یک هفته بعد) با 3 تکرار بر روی تاک-های انگور رقم قزل ‌اوزوم 13ساله انجام گرفت. برخی خصوصیات کیفی میوه از جمله میزان اسیدهای قابل تیتر (TA)، مواد جامد محلول کل (TSS) ، محتوای آنتی‌اکسیدان کل، فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل، آنتوسیانین کل، فعالیت آنزیم‌های فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز (PAL) ، کاتالاز، میزان ترکیبات فنولی میوه از جمله فلاونول‌ها، فلاوان-3-اُل‌ها و اسیدهای فنولیکی و همچنین بیان نسبی ژن‌های PAL و CHS ارزیابی شدند.
یافته ها: بر اساس نتایج، گابا در غلظت 10 میلی‌مولار باعث ایجاد بیشترین میزان اسیدهای قابل تیتر، مواد جامد محلول کل، فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل، محتوای آنتی‌اکسیدان کل و آنتوسیانین میوه شد. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم PAL نیز در همین غلظت گابا مشاهده گردید. آنزیم کاتالاز در غلظت 25 میلی‌مولار گابا بیشترین فعالیت را داشت. ترکیبات فنولی یافت شده بر اساس روش HPLC در این تحقیق ترکیبات فلاونولی میریستین، کوئرستین، کامفرول، سیرینجتین، ترکیبات فلاوان-3-اُل‌ها، کاتچین و ترکیبات غیر فلاونوئیدی گالیک ‌اسید، کافئیک ‌اسید، پی-کوماریک ‌اسید و رسوراترول اندازه‌گیری شدند که اغلب این ترکیبات در غلظت 10 میلی‌مولار گابا بیشترین مقدار را نشان دادند و بعد از آن غلظت 5 میلی‌مولار گابا بیشترین تأثیر را در افزایش این ترکیبات داشت. ژن‌های PAL و CHS نیز در دو زمان نمونه‌برداری بعد از محلول‌پاشی(48 و 72 ساعت) در غلظت 10 میلی‌مولار گابا بیشترین بیان ژنی را داشتند و کمترین بیان آنها در غلظت 25 میلی‌مولار گابا بود.
نتیجه گیری: این پژوهش نشان داد که گابا در غلظت 10 میلی‌مولار و در مرحله veraison و یک هفته بعد از آن با تأثیر‌گذاری بر افزایش میزان شاخص-های کیفی میوه از جمله مواد جامد به‌عنوان سوبسترای اساسی مسیر بیوسنتزی ترکیبات مؤثر کیفیت میوه و محتوای آنتی‌‌اکسیدانی و همچنین با تأثیر بر افزایش بیان ژن‌های دخیل در فعالیت آنزیم PAL به‌‌عنوان یک آنزیم کلیدی در مسیر بیوسنتز ترکیبات فنولی، می‌تواند باعث بهبود کیفیت میوه و بازارپسندی بیشتر میوه انگور رقم قزل‌اوزوم گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) foliar application on some biochemical characteristics and expression pattern of PAL and CHS genes in Qızıl Uzum grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afsaneh Allahveran Oosalo 1
  • Lotfali Naseri 2
  • Abolfazl Alirezalu 3
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 4
  • Samad Nejad Ebrahimi 5
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
4 Professor, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
5 Associate Prof., Dept. of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Grape is one of the most important fruit products globally and has a high nutritional value with strong antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. Today, the use of healthy natural compounds, including organic nitrogen compounds, has become very important to improve the qualitative performance of fruits. The use of amino acids as one of the natural compounds of nitrogen can increase the nutritional values of fruit crops. In the present study, gamma aminobutyric acid was used as a non-protein amino acid to improve the quality characteristics of Qizil-Uzum grape fruit.
Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed in two separate orchards located in two regions of Urmia city with different microclimatic conditions in a completely randomized design with GABA foliar application at 4 concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 mM) in two stages (veraison stage and one week later) with 3 replications on 13-year-old cv. Qızıl Uzum grapevines. Some fruit quality characteristics include titratable acids (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), total antioxidant content, total phenol, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, the activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), catalase enzymes, phenolic compounds of fruit including flavonols, flavan-3-ols and phenolic acids, and also a relative expression of PAL and CHS genes were evaluated.
Results: Based on the results, GABA at a concentration of 10 mM, caused the highest content of titratable acids, total soluble solids, total phenol, total flavonoids, total antioxidant and total anthocyanin of fruit. The highest activity of PAL enzyme was also observed at this concentration. Catalase enzyme had the maximum activity at 25 mM. The phenolic compounds that were measured by HPLC in this study included the flavonol compounds: myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, syringetin; the flavan-3-ols compounds: catechin; and the non-flavonoid compounds: gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and resveratrol, most of which had the highest level at 10 mM, followed by 5 mM GABA. Also, PAL and CHS genes had the highest expression at both sampling times (48 and 72 hours after foliar application) at the concentration of 10 mM GABA and their lowest expression was at the concentration of 25 mM GABA.
Conclusion: This study showed that GABA at the concentration of 10 mM at the veraison stage and one week later had an effect on increasing fruit quality indicators, including total soluble sugars, as a basic substrate for the biosynthetic pathway of effective fruit quality compounds, and with effect on antioxidant content improvement, as well as enhancing the expression of related genes for PAL enzyme activity, as a key enzyme of the biosynthesis of the phenolic compound, can improve fruit quality and marketability of grape fruit of Qızıl Uzum cultivar.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • flavan-3-ols
  • flavonol
  • HPLC
  • phenolic compounds
  • phenylalanine ammonialyase

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 30، شماره 1
فروردین 1402
صفحه 125-148

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