اثر آمینوکلات منیزیم و جلبک دریایی ( Sargassum angustifolium ) بر بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و کیفی خیار گلخانه‌ای در محلول‌ غذایی کاهش یافته منیزیمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: منیزیم از عناصر ضروری در رشد گیاهان است. همچنین منیزیم دارای نقش مهمی در تقسیم‌بندی کربوهیدرات‌ها و ماده خشک تولیدی بین ریشه و شاخساره می‌باشد. یکی از چالش‌های اساسی تولید‌کنندگان سبزی و صیفی در گلخانه‌های جنوب ایران، کمبود منیزیم به ویژه در اواسط فصل رشد به دلایل مختلفی همچون پایین بودن کیفیت آب و افزایش بی‌رویه و مصرف غیر-منطقی کود‌های پتاسیمی در فاز زایشی می‌باشد. بنابراین یافتن راهکارهای عملی که به کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی، کاهش هزینه‌های تولید،کاهش خطرات زیست محیطی، افزایش بهره‌وری، عملکرد و بهبود امنیت غذایی و کشاورزی پایدار کمک نماید، امری کاملاً ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. پژوهش حاضر سعی دارد تا با استفاده از آمینوکلات‌های منیزیمی و عصاره جلبک های دریایی بومی خلیج فارس، علاوه بر کاهش مصرف کود راهکاری عملی به منظور بهبود رشد و کیفیت میوه خیار گلخانه‌ای در شرایط محلول‌ غذایی کاهش یافته منیزیمی ارائه نماید.

مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در پاییز و زمستان 1401 در گلخانه آموزشی-پژوهشی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز به صورت طرح اسپلیت‌پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام گردید. تیمار‌های آزمایشی شامل محلولپاشی غلظت‌های مختلف آمینوکلات منیزیم (0، 5/2 و 5 میلی لیتر در لیتر) و جلبک دریایی Sargassum angustifolium (0 ، 5/1 و 3 گرم در لیتر) بود. محلولپاشی آمینوکلات منیزیم و جلبک دریایی در دو هفته بعد از انتقال نشاء آغاز و تا یک هفته قبل از پایان برداشت ( مجموعاً 8 هفته از 11 هفته) هر هفته یکبار ادامه داشت. در طول فصل رشد و پس از اثر‌گذاری تیمارها، فاکتورهای رشدی و کمی مانند وزن تر و خشک ریشه، ساقه و برگ، تعداد و سطح برگ، وزن تر کل میوه، طول و قطر میوه و کیفی مانند TSS، pH و EC عصاره میوه، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون، سفتی میوه و درصد ماده خشک میوه در بوته‌های خیار اندازه‌گیری شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج اثر‌متقابل غلظت‌های مختلف آمینوکلات منیزیم و محلول‌پاشی جلبک‌دریایی نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت منیزیم تا سطح 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر و جلبک دریایی تا سطح 3 گرم در لیتر وزن تر و خشک ریشه، ساقه و برگ، تعداد و سطح برگ و وزن تر میوه افزایش معنی‌داری را به نمایش گذاشت به گونه‌ای که تیمار Mg3×S3 (سطح 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر آمینوکلات منیزیم و 3 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبکی) و تیمار شاهد (Mg1×S1) (سطح صفر میلی لیتر در لیتر آمینوکلات منیزیم و صفر گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبکی) به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین مقادیر شاخص‌های رشدی را به خود اختصاص دادند. افزایش سطوح عصاره جلبکی تا سطح 3 گرم بر لیتر و غلظت آمینوکلات منیزیمی تا سطح 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر سبب افزایش دو برابری وزن تر میوه در هر بوته شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که بالاترین TSS عصاره میوه در تیمار Mg3×S3 (73/4%) و کمترین آن در تیمار شاهد (Mg1×S1) (13/2%) مشاهده گردید. یافته‌های این آزمایش نشان داد که در محلول کاهش یافته منیزیمی، همزمان با افزایش سطوح عصاره جلبکی و غلظت آمینوکلات منیزیمی درصد ماده خشک میوه‌های خیار نیز افزایش یافت به گونه‌ای که کمترین درصد ماده خشک میوه در تیمار Mg1×S1 (27/2 %) و بیشترین میزان درصد ماده خشک میوه در تیمار Mg3×S3 (78/4%) مشاهده گردید.

نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد که استفاده از آمینوکلات منیزیم احتمالاً از طریق افزایش تولید کلروفیل و عصاره جلبک دریایی از طریق بهبود بیوماس و تحریک رشد می‌تواند رشد، وزن کل میوه و خصوصیات کیفی میوه خیار را افزایش دهد. با توجه به نتایج آزمایش حاضر استفاده از مقادیر 5 میلی‌لیتر در لیتر آمینوکلات منیزیم و 3 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبکی برای بهبود شاخص‌های رشدی، عملکردی و کیفی خیار گلخانه ای در شرایط کاهش یافته منیزیمی، توصیه می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of magnesium aminochelate and seaweed (Sargassum angustifolium) on improving growth and quality characteristics of cucumber in magnesium-deficient nutrient solution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Karami 1
  • Edris Shabani 2
  • Naser Alemzadeh Ansari 3
1 M.Sc. Student of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Magnesium is an essential element for plant growth. Additionally, magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate partitioning and dry matter production between the root and shoot. One of the main challenges facing vegetable producers in greenhouses in southern Iran is magnesium deficiency, especially in the middle of the growing season, due to various reasons such as poor water quality and excessive use and irrational consumption of potassium fertilizers in the reproductive phase. Therefore, finding practical solutions that help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, production costs, environmental risks, increase efficiency, performance, and improve food security and sustainable agriculture is essential. The present study aims to propose a practical solution for improving the growth and quality of greenhouse cucumbers under conditions of reduced magnesium in the nutrient solution, while reducing fertilizer consumption, by using magnesium amino chelates and native seaweed extracts from the Persian Gulf.

Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in the autumn and winter of 2022-2023 in the educational-research greenhouse in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, in a split-plot design as a basic block with complete randomization and three replicates. The experimental treatments included foliar application of different concentrations of magnesium aminochelate (0, 2.5, and 5 ml/L) and seaweed extract of Sargassum angustifolium (0, 1.5, and 3 g/L). The foliar application of magnesium aminochelate and seaweed extract started two weeks after transplanting and continued once a week until one week before harvest (a total of 8 weeks out of 11 weeks). During the growing season and after the treatment effects, growth and quantitative factors such as root, stem, and leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf number and area, fruit fresh weight, fruit length and diameter, and qualitative factors such as TSS, pH, and EC of fruit juice, titratable acidity, fruit firmness, and fruit dry matter percentage were measured in cucumber plants.

Results: The results of the interaction between different concentrations of magnesium aminochelate and seaweed extract showed that with increasing magnesium concentration up to 5 ml/L and seaweed extract up to 3 g/L, there was a significant increase in root, stem, and leaf fresh and dry weight, leaf number and area, and fruit fresh weight. The Mg3×S3 treatment (5 ml/L of magnesium aminochelate and 3 g per liter of seaweed extract) and the control treatment (Mg1×S1) (zero ml/L of magnesium aminochlate and zero g/L of algal extract) had the highest and lowest values of growth indices, respectively. Increasing the levels of seaweed extract up to the 3 g/L and concentration of magnesium aminochlate up to the level of 5 ml/L led to a twofold increase in fruit fresh weight. The highest TSS of fruit juice was observed in the Mg3×S3 treatment (4.73%) and the lowest in the control treatment (Mg1×S1) (2.13%). The results of this study showed that in the reduced magnesium solution, simultaneous increase in seaweed extract and magnesium aminochelate led to an increase in cucumber fruit dry matter percentage. The lowest fruit dry matter percentage was observed in the Mg1×S1 treatment (2.27%), while the highest was observed in the Mg3×S3 treatment (4.78%).

Conclusion: The findings of this experiment showed that the use of magnesium aminochelate probably increases chlorophyll production and seaweed extract through biomass improvement and growth stimulation ameliorates the growth, yield, and quality characteristics of cucumber fruit. Based on the results of this study, the use of 5 ml/L of magnesium aminochelate and 3 g/L of seaweed extract is recommended to improve the growth, yield, and quality indices of greenhouse cucumber under magnesium deficiency conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cucumber
  • Growth
  • Magnesium
  • Seaweed
  • Yield

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 31، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 149-170

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