ارزیابی و کمّی‌سازی برخی از خدمات کوتاه مدت بوم‌سازگان در کشت‌بوم باقلا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران

4 استاد بخش توسعه پایدار چشم‌انداز، دانشگاه مارتین لوتر هاله، آلمان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شرایط و فرایندهایی که از طریق آن بوم‌سازگان‌ و گونه‌هایی که ساختار آن ‌را تشکیل می‌دهند، تداوم حیات انسان را تضمین کرده و نیازهای او را تامین می‌کنند، تحت عنوان خدمات بوم‌سازگان تعریف شده است. ارزش‌گذاری خدمات بوم‌نظام‌ها، بهترین راهکار جهت جلب توجه جامعه و سیاست‌گذاران و تلاش در جهت حفظ و ارتقاءآن‌ها می‌باشد. کالا‌ و خدمات بوم‌سازگان در مجموع به چهار گروه تامینی، تنظیمی، حمایتی و فرهنگی طبقه‌بندی می‌شوند. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی و کمّی‌سازی برخی از خدمات کوتاه مدت بوم‌سازگان در کشت بوم باقلا در شهرستان گرگان انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه به‌صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان در سال زراعی 99-1398 در سه تکرار انجام شد. پنج رقم باقلا شامل فیض، G-faba1-2، بروجرد، شادان و مهتا به عنوان تیمارهای آزمایش در نظر گرفته شد. در طی فصل رشد، انواع خدمات کوتاه مدت بوم‌سازگان شامل خدمات تامینی، تنظیمی و حمایتی مورد ارزیابی و کمّی‌سازی قرار گرفتند. جهت بر آورد خدمات تامینی، در زمان 70 درصد رسیدگی غلاف‌ها، با استفاده از کوادرات 5/0×5/0 متر مربع و به‌صورت تصادفی از هرکرت نمونه‌برداری صورت گرفت. تنوع زیستی گیاهی هم طی دو مرتبه (قبل و بعد از وجین گیاهان هرز) با استفاده از کوادرات 25/0×25/0 متر مربع به‌صورت تصادفی انجام شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار SAS نسخه 1/9 استفاده گردید و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون LSD در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که خدمات ارایه شده توسط ارقام مختلف متفاوت می‌باشد. براساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، کشت باقلا باعث افزایش ماده آلی خاک در اکثر کرتها شد، اما از لحاظ انباشت کربن در زیست توده گیاهی اختلاف معنی‌داری بین ارقام مشاهده نشد. از نظر ارایه خدمات تامینی مانند مقدار غلاف سبز و زیست توده کل ارقام مختلف باقلا تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 1 درصد داشتند بطوری‌که رقم فیض و G-faba1-2، بیشترین مقدار و رقم بروجرد کمترین مقدار را دارا بودند. همچنین میزان پروتئین دانه در رقم مهتا (28درصد) از سایر ارقام بیشتر بود. نتایج نشان داد که ارقام دانه درشت و دانه متوسط به‌دلیل تولید حجم وسیعی از شاخ و برگ و جذب بیشتر نورخورشید و در نتیجه دارا بودن پتانسیل بیشتر برای عمل فتوسنتز، مقدار زیست‌توده بیشتری در مقایسه با ارقام دانه‌ریز داشتند. با بررسی تنوع گیاهان هرز مزرعه آزمایشی، 10 گونه هرز از 8 خانواده گیاهی شناسایی شدند. گیاهان خردل وحشی (Sinapis arvensis L.) ، علف خونی (Phalaris minor) ، سیزاب ایرانی (Veronica persica) و پیچک‌بند (Polygonum convolvulus) بیشترین فراوانی نسبی را دارا بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: بطورکلی ارقام دانه درشت باقلا به همراه رقم دانه متوسط مهتا در مقایسه با سایر ارقام خدمات بیشتری ارایه می‌دهند. بنابراین این ارقام می‌توانند از نظر ارایه بیشتر خدمات بوم‌سازگانی برای کشت در مزارع منطقه گرگان مورد توجه قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and quantification of some short time ecosystem services in faba bean agroecosystem

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasir Ahmad nasrat 1
  • Hossein Kazemi 2
  • Fatemeh Sheikh 3
  • Christine Fürst 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate in Agroecology, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR), Gorgan, Iran.
3 Assistant Prof., Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran.
4 Dept. Sustainable Landscape Development, Institute for Geosciences and Geography, Martin-Luther University Halle, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The conditions and processes which ecosystem and the species that make up their structure ensure the continuity of human life and meet their needs are defined as the ecosystem service. Evaluating the ecosystems services is the best way to pay the attention of the community and policy makers and try to maintain and improve them. Ecosystem goods and services are generally classified into four groups: provision, regulating, supporting and culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify some short time ecosystem services in a faba bean agroecosystem of Gorgan region condition.
Materials and methods: A field experiment was carried out as a randomized complete blocks design with three replications on research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, during 2019-2020. In this experiment, five faba bean cultivars including Feyz, G-faba1-2, Boroujerd, Shadan, and Mahta were considered as experimental treatments. From the during the growth season, some short time ecosystem services were measured and quantified. In order to estimate the provision sevices, were harvested an area by a quadrat 0.5×0.5 m2 at 70% of pod maturity stage. Also, plant diversity sampling was done from each plot using quadrat 0.25×0.25 m2 randomly. Data were analyzed using SAS software version 9.1 and the means were compared using LSD test at a probability level of 5%.
Results: The results showed that some services were different in the studied cultivars. According to the results, faba bean cultivation increased soil organic matter in most plots, but there was no significant difference between cultivars in terms of carbon accumulation in plant biomass. Results showed that different faba bean cultivars had significant effects on supply of provision services such as green pod and total biomass in the level of 1% probability. Based on obtained results, Feyz and G-faba1-2 cultivars had the highest value and Boroujerd cultivar had the lowest value of provision services. Also, the amount of grain protein in Mahta (28%) was higher than other cultivars. The results showed that coarse and medium grained-groups had the highest biomass compared to fine grained group due to producing a large volume of foliage, more sunlight absorption and that resulted the more photosynthesis potential. By assassmet the weeds diversity in the experimental plots, we were identified 10 weed species belonging to 8 families. Sinapis arvensis L., Phalaris minor, Veronica persica and Polygonum convolvulus had the highest relative abundance.
Conclusion: In general, coarse bean cultivars along with Mahta medium-grain cultivar provided more ecosystem services than other cultivars. Therefore, these cultivars can be considered in terms of providing more agroecological services for production in Gorgan region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodiversity
  • Ecosystem Services
  • Faba bean
  • Plant biomass

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
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تیر 1402
صفحه 1-20

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