بررسی اثر اندوفیت و ملاتونین بر بهبود رشد ریشه استویا تحت تاثیر شوری در شرایط هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 گروه گیاهان دارویی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: شوری خاک و آب از عمده‌ترین عوامل محدود‌کننده رشد گیاهان تلقی می‌شود. اثر شوری قبل از اینکه در اندام هوایی نمود یابد گسترش ریشه را تحت تاثیر قرار خواهد داد. در شرایط شور گیاه از طریق افزایش تعداد ریشه و همچنین طول ریشه تلاش می کند که پتانسیل جذبی عناصر کلیدی به ویژه پتاسیم را افزایش دهد. این تغییرات با کاهش اندام هوایی نیز همرا است. بنابراین گیاهان هرچه در این مقوله قوی‌تر ظاهر شوند نسبت به شوری توانمندتر خواهند بود. روند روبه افزایش شوری خاک به دلیل بهم خوردن موازنه نزولات و تبخیر سالانه بر سطوح خاکهای شور می‌افزاید. بنابر این افزایش سطح زیرکشت گیاهان مقاوم به شوری و یا استفاده از تکنیک-های محافظتی اهمیت زیادی خواهد داشت. استویا علی‌رغم اهمیت زیاد، نسبت به شوری آب و خاک حساس است. امروزه نقش محرک‌های زیستی و غیر‌‌زیستی در سازگاری گیاهان به ویژه گیاهان دارویی به شرایط نامساعد محیطی اهمیت زیادی دارد. در تحقیق حاضر اثر قارچ‌های‌ اندوفیت و ملاتونین بر تغییرات ریشه استویا در تیمار با آب شور در شرایط هیدروپونیک بررسی خواهد شد.
مواد و روش: تحقیق حاضر به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با شش تکرار در شرایط گلخانه و کشت هیدروپونیک در دو آزمایش متوالی انجام شد. تیمارهای استفاده شده شامل قارچ‌های اندوفیت جداسازی شده از سرخدار (در سه سطح شاهد بدون قارچ، سویه TB20، سویه TB2-3)، محلول‌پاشی با ملاتونین (در سه سطح شاهد بدون ملاتونین، 5/0 میکرومولار ملاتونین خالص و 5/0میکرومولار عصاره Thymus vulgaris) و سه سطح شوری NaCl (بدون شوری، شوری متوسط 80 میلی‌مولار و شوری زیاد 150 میلی‌مولار آب آبیاری) بودند. در هر دو آزمایش اولین محلول‌پاشی هفت روز و اولین آبیاری با سطوح شوری 10 روز پس از کاشت انجام شد. گیاهان آزمایشی از نقطه نظر صفات ریشه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. همچنین عملکرد پیکر رویشی نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج در هر دو آزمایش بیانگر اثرات مثبت ملاتونین و اندوفیت بر بهبود خصوصیات رشدی ریشه تحت تنش شوری بود. بهترین تیمارهای استفاده شده شامل عصاره آویشن و قارچ اندوفیت TB20 تحت شرایط بدون شوری بودند. اکثرصفات اندازه‌گیری شده از جمله حجم ریشه، طول ریشه وزن تر و خشک ریشه به ترتیب 5/2، 2- 5/1 و 2- 2/1 برابر نسبت به شاهد با کاربرد تیمارهای قارچ و ملاتونین افزایش یافت. اگرچه شوری تا حد متوسط نیز باعث افزایش صفات ریشه گردید اما با افزایش تنش شوری میزان این صفات به‌ شدت و به صورت معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. روند مشابه ای نیز در عملکرد پیکر رویشی مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: از آنجایی که استفاده از ملاتونین و اندوفیت به‌ویژه TB20، محدودیت‌های رشدی استویا در شرایط شوری را کاهش داده است پیشنهاد می‌گردد در این شرایط شوری از عصاره‌گیاهانی که حاوی ملاتونین هستند بیشتر مورد بررسی قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the effect of endophyte and melatonin on the improvement of stevia root growth as affected by salinity under hydroponic conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Madeh Ahmadi 1
  • Azim Ghasemnezhad 2
  • Mansour Ghorbanpour 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticulture Science and Green Space Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 . Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture Science and Green Space Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Dept. of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and purpose:
Soil and water salinity are considered as the main factors limiting plant growth. The effect of salinity will affect root spread before it appears in the over ground parts. In saline conditions, the plant tries to increase the absorption potential of key elements, especially potassium, by increasing the number of roots as well as the root length. These changes are accompanied by shrinkage of the aerial parts. Therefore, the stronger the plants appear in this category, the more powerful they will be in relation to salinity.
The increasing trend of soil salinity increases due to the imbalance of precipitation and annual evaporation on saline soil surfaces. Therefore, increasing the area under salinity-resistant plants or using conservation techniques will be very important.
Stevia, despite its importance, is sensitive to soil and water salinity. Today, the role of biotic and abiotic stimulants in the adaptation of plants, especially medicinal plants to adverse environmental conditions is very important. In the present study, the effect of endophytic fungi and melatonin on stevia root changes in treatment with saline under hydroponic conditions will be investigated.
Materials and Methods: The present study was performed as a factorial study in a completely randomized design with six replications under greenhouse and hydroponic cultivation. This experiment was repeated twice to obtain more reliable results. Treatments used included endophytic fungi isolated from yew (in three levels of fungus-free control, strain TB20, strain TB2-3), melatonin spraying (in three levels of melatonin-free control, 0.5 μM pure melatonin and 0.5 μM Thymus vulgaris extract) And three salinity levels of NaCl (no salinity, medium salinity of 80 mM and high salinity of 150 mM irrigation water). In both experiments, the first foliar application was performed seven days and the first irrigation with salinity levels was performed 10 days after planting. Experimental plants were examined in terms of root traits. The over ground biomass yield was also examined.
Results: In both experiments, similar results were obtained and showed the positive effects of melatonin and endophytic on the improvement of root growth characteristics under salinity stress. The best treatments used included thyme extract and TB20 endophytic fungus under salinity conditions. Most of the measured traits such as root volume, root length, fresh and dry weight of roots increased 2.5, 1.5-2 and 1.2-2, respectively, compared to the control using fungal and melatonin treatments. Although salinity increased the root traits to a moderate level, but with increasing salinity, the amount of these traits decreased sharply and significantly. A similar trend was observed in over ground biomass yield.
Conclusion: Since the use of melatonin and endophytes, especially TB20, has reduced the growth limitations of stevia in salinity conditions, it is suggested that in these salinity conditions, plant extracts containing melatonin be further studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elicitor
  • Environmental stresses
  • Growth stimulant
  • Medicinal plants
  • Yew

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 30، شماره 2
تیر 1402
صفحه 21-38

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