بررسی تأثیر شدت و کیفیت نورهای LED بر باززایی و رشد درون شیشه‌ای گیاه زنبق مردابی (Iris pseudacorus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

4 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: زنبق مردابی گیاهی چندساله، علفی با گل‌های زرد و متعلق به خانواده Iridaceae است که به عنوان گیاه زینتی استفاده می-شود. از آنجایی که تغییرات نوری پاسخ‌های مختلف مورفوژنتیکی و فتوسنتزی را در برخی از گیاهان زینتی ایجاد می‌کند و نورهای LED رشد و نمو فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه‌ها را بهبود داده و در باززایی اندام‌های گیاه و تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه تأثیر می‌گذارد. هدف از این آزمایش بررسی تأثیر نورهای LED بر رشد و نمو و شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی و مورفولوژیکی گیاه زنبق مردابی بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل با 2 شدت نوری (1500 و 3000 لوکس) و تیمارهای کیفیت نور با 100% قرمز، 100% آبی، 100% سفید، 80% قرمز 20% آبی، 60% قرمز 40% آبی، 40% قرمز 60% آبی، 20% قرمز 80% آبی در 4 تکرار اجرا شد. شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی اندازه‌گیری شده در این پژوهش شامل تعداد برگ، طول برگ، سطح برگ، وزن تر شاخساره و ریشه، درصد باززایی و زنده‌مانی، تعداد ریشه، طول ریشه، فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید بود.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها نشان داد که هر چند اثر متقابل شدت و کیفیت‌های مختلف نور بر شاخص‌های ارزیابی شده معنی‌دار نبود، اما تیمار شدت نور شدت نور به طور معنی‌داری شاخص‌های تعداد برگ، طول برگ و سطح برگ و فنول کل (سطح احتمال 1%) و وزن تر، درصد زنده‌مانی، درصد باززایی، فلاونوئید کل، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید (سطح احتمال 5%) و همچنین تیمار کیفیت نور شاخص‌های فنول کل و فلاونوئید کل (سطح احتمال 1%) را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. مقایسه میانگین داده‌های حاصل از تأثیر شدت نورهای مختلف نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد، طول و سطح برگ، درصد زنده‌مانی، درصد باززایی و همچنین بیشترین میزان وزن تر، فنول کل، فلاونوئید کل، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل در شدت نور 3000 لوکس مشاهده شد. همچنین مقایسه میانگین داده‌های حاصل از تأثیر کیفیت‌های مختلف نور نشان داد که بیشترین میزان فنول کل (mg GAE/g FW038/3) و فلاونوئید کل (mg GAE/g FW 796/8) در تیمار نوری 100% آبی مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که شدت نور در مقایسه با کیفیت‌های مختلف نوری تأثیر بیشتری بر شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه‌های درون شیشه‌ای زنبق مردابی دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شدت نور از 1500 به 3000 لوکس، افزایش معنی‌داری در شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاهچه‌های درون شیشه‌ای زنبق مردابی مشاهده شد که نشان می‌دهد افزایش شدت نور در تولید انبوه و تجاری این گیاه تحت شرایط درون شیشه‌ای مؤثر خواهد بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation on the effects of intensity and quality of LED lights on in-vitro regeneration & growth of yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Ahadzadeh 1
  • Younes Pourbeyrami hir 2
  • Esmaeil Chamani 3
  • Hassan Maleki Lajayer 4
  • Ali Shahi 4
  • Mohammad Hasanzadeh 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate in Ornamental Plants, Dept. of Horticultural, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
3 Professor, Dept. of Horticultural, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
4 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticultural, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Research Aim: Iris Pseudacorus is a perennial herbaceous plant with yellow flowers belonging to the Iridaceae family which is used as an ornamental plant. The light changes led to different morphogenetic and photosynthetic responses in some ornamental plants. LED lights could improve the growth and physiological development of plantlets and affects the morphogenesis and secondary metabolite production of plants. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of the LED lights on the growth, development, physiological and morphological indices of the Iris Pseudacorus.
Research method: This experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with two factors of light intensity (1500 and 3000 lux) and light quality 100% white (control), 100% red light, 100% blue light, 20% red + 80% blue, 40% red + 60% blue, 60% red + 40% blue and 80% red + 20% Blue} by using 4 replications The measured morphological and physiological traits were leaf number and length, leaf area, fresh weight, percentage of regeneration, Survival rate, root number and length, total phenol and flavonoid, chlorophyll a, b and total and carotenoid.
Finding: Analysis of variance results showed that the interaction of different light intensities and qualities on the evaluated indices was not significant. It also indicated that the light intensity treatment had a significant effect on leaf number, leaf length and leaf area and total phenol content (P<0.01) and fresh weight, survival percentage, regeneration percentage, total flavonoids content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids (P<0.05). Also, light quality treatment significantly affected total phenols and flavonoid content (P<0.01). A comparison of the mean for the effect of different light intensities indicated that the highest leaf number, leaf length, leaf area, survival percentage, regeneration percentage, and also the highest fresh weight, total phenol, total flavonoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll was observed in 3000 lux light intensity. Also, a comparison of the mean data obtained from the effect of different light qualities showed that the highest amount of total phenol (mg GAE / g FW038.3) and total flavonoids (GAE / g FW 8.796 mg) was observed in 100% blue light treatment.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that light intensity compared to different light qualities has a more significant influence on morphological and physiological parameters of in vitro plantlets of the Yellow Flag. The results also indicated that with increasing light intensity from 1500 to 3000 lux, morphological and physiological indices of Yellow Flag plantlets were significantly enhanced. It indicates that increasing light intensity in mass and commercial production of this plant under in vitro conditions would be effective.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Blue Light
  • Iris Pseudacorus
  • Morphological Traits
  • Red Light
1.Sutherland, W. J. (1990). Iris Pseudacorus L. Journal of Ecology, 78 (3), 833-848.
2.Jaca, T. (2013). Iris pseudacorus L.: An ornamental aquatic with invasive potential in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany, 86, 174.
3.Huang, J., Cao, C., Yan, C., Guan, W. & Liu, J. (2018). Comparison of Iris pseudacorus wetland systems with unplanted systems on pollutant removal and microbial community under nanosilver exposure. Science of the Total Environment, 624, 1336-1347.
4.Chen, T., Wu, Y., Xing, D., & Duan, R. (2022). Effects of NaHSO3 on Cellular Metabolic Energy, Photosynthesis
and Growth of Iris pseudacorus L. Horticulturae, 8 (2), 185.
5.Ascough, G. D., Erwin, J. E. & Staden, J. (2009). Micropropagation of iridaceaea review. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 97 (1), 1-19.
6.Chamani, E. & Taheri, M. (2015). Investigation on the Hormone Effects on in vitro culture of Iris pseudacorus. Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 29 (1), 68-78. [In Persian]
7.Kim, T. D., Ahn, C. H., Bae, K. H. & Choi, Y. E. (2009). The embryogenic competency and morphological changes during somatic embryogenesis in Iris pseudacorus. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 3 (3), 251-257[1].
8.Rout, G. R., Mohapatra, A. & Jain, S. M. (2006). Tissue culture of ornamental pot plant: A critical review on present scenario and future prospects. Biotechnology Advances, 24 (6), 531-560.
9.Zakurin, A. O., Shchennikova, A. V. & Kamionskaya, A. M. (2020). Artificial-Light Culture in Protected Ground
Plant Growing: Photosynthesis, Photomorphogenesis, and Prospects of LED Application. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 67 (3), 413-424.
10.Sipos, L., Boros, I. F., Csambalik, L., Székely, G., Jung, A. & Balázs, L. (2020). Horticultural lighting system optimalization: A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 273.
11.Lin, K. H., Huang, M. Y. & Hsu, M. H. (2021). Morphological and physiological response in green and purple basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) under different proportions of red, green, and blue LED lightings. Scientia Horticulturae, 275.
12.Paucek, I., Appolloni, E., Pennisi, G., Quaini, S., Gianquinto, G. & Orsini, F. (2020). LED Lighting Systems for Horticulture: Business Growth and Global Distribution. Sustainability, 12, 18.
13.Farrokhzad, Y., Babaei, A., Yadollahi, A., Kashkooli, A. B., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. & Hesami, S. (2022). In vitro photomorphogenesis, plant growth regulators, melatonin content, and DNA methylation under various wavelengths of light in Phalaenopsis amabilis. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 149, 535-548.
14.Li, Q., Xu, J., Yang, L., Sun, Y., Zhou, X., Zheng, Y., Zhang, Y. & Cai, Y. (2021). LED Light Quality Affect Growth, Alkaloids Contents, and Expressions of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Biosynthetic Pathway Genes in Lycoris longituba. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 41, 257-270.
15.Chamani, E., Shahbazi yajlou, R., Azarmi, R. & Pourbeyrami hir, Y. (2022). Response of Dracocephalum kotschyi to different light Intensities and combinations under In-Vitro Conditions. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 23 (1), 145-156. [In Persian]
16.Zhang, S., Ma, J., Zou, H., Zhang, L., Li, S. & Wang, Y. (2020). The combination of blue and red LED light improves Bunge. Industrial Crops and Products, 158, 112959.growth and phenolic acid contents in Salvia miltiorrhiza
17.Jang, E. B., Ho, T. T. & Park, S. Y. (2020). Effect of light quality and tissue origin on phenolic compound accumulation and antioxidant activity in Camellia japonica calli. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 56, 567-577.
18.Larsen, D. H., Woltering, E. J., Nicole, C. C. S. & Marcelis, L. F. M. (2020). Response of Basil Growth and Morphology to Light Intensity and Spectrum in a Vertical Farm. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11.
19.Farhadi, N., Panahandeh, J., Azar, A. M. & Salte, S. A. (2017). Effects of explant type, growth regulators and light intensity on callus induction and plant regeneration in four ecotypes of Persian shallot (Allium hirtifolium). Scientia Horticulturae, 21, 80-86.
20.Alvarenga, I. C. A., Pacheco, F. V., Silva, S. T., Bertolucci, S. K. V. & Pinto, J. E. B. P. (2015). In vitro culture of Achillea millefolium L.: quality and intensity of light on growth and production of volatiles. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 122 (2), 299-308.
21.Chamani, E., Narimaniyan, F., Pourbairami Hir, Y. & Heydari, H. R. (2021). Effects of various nitrogen sources on some morpho-physiological characteristics of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) under in vitro conditions. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 37(4), 549-562. [In Persian]
22.Heydari, H. R., Chamani, E. & Esmaeilpour, B. (2020). Effect of total nitrogen content and NH4+/NO3- ratio on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite production in cell culture of S. nemorosa. Iranian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 9(1), 17-27.
23.Heydari, H. R., Chamani, E. & Esmaielpour, B. (2020). Cell line selection through gamma irradiation combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes elicitation enhanced phenolic compounds accumulation in Salvia nemorosa cell culture. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 142 (2), 353-367.
24.Abbasnejad, R., Jabbarzadeh, Z. & Razavi, M. (2017). Effect of different light intensities on some morphologycal and physiological characteristics of Matthiola incana L. Journal of Pediatrics Review, 30 (2), 408-419. [In Persian]
25.Wang, Y., Guo, Q. & Jin, M. (2009). Effects of light intensity on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium. China journal of Chinese materia medica, 34 (13), 1632-1635.
26.Pawłowska, B., Żupnik, M., Szewczyk-Taranek, B. & Cioć, M. (2018). Impact of LED light sources on morphogenesis and levels of photosynthetic pigments in Gerbera jamesonii grown in vitro. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnolog, 59 (1), 115-123.
27.Lian, M. L., Murthy, H. N. & Paek, K. Y. (2002). Effects of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the in vitro induction and growth of bulblets of Lilium oriental hybrid ‘Pesaro’. Scientia Horticulturae, 94 (3) (4), 365-370.
28.Ahmadi, T., Shabani, L. & Sabzalian, M. (2017). Effects of LED light spectrum on growth and rosmarinic
acid content in Melissa officinalis L. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 6 (21), 213-222. [In Persian]
29.Heydarizadeh, P., Zahedi, M. & Sabzalian, M. R. (2014). The effect of LED light on growth, essential oil content and activity of antioxidant enzymes in pepper mint (Mentha piperita L.) Journal of Plant Process and Function, 3 (8), 13-24. [In Persian]
30.Wojciechowska, R., Długosz-Grochowska, O., Kołton, A. & Żupnik, M. (2015). Effects of LED supplemental lighting on yield and some quality parameters of lamb's lettuce grown in two winter cycles. Scientia Horticulturae, 187, 80-86.
31.Cioć, M., Szewczyk, A., Żupnik, M., Kalisz, A. & Pawłowska, B. (2017). LED lighting affects plant growth, morphogenesis and phytochemical contents of Myrtus communis L. in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 13 (3), 433-447.
32.Fukuda, N., Ishii, Y., Ezura, H. & Olsen, J. (2009). Effects of light quality under red and blue light emitting diodes on growth and expression of FBP28 in petunia, VI International Symposium on Light in Horticulture 907, pp. 361-366.
33.Nhut, D. T. & Nam, N. B. (2010). Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs): An Artificial Lighting Source for Biological Studies, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 134-139.
34.Nazir, M., Ullah, M. A., Younas, M., Siddiquah, A., Shah, M., Giglioli-Guivarc’h, N., Hano, C. & Abbasi, B. H. (2020). Light-mediated biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid metabolites and antioxidant potential in callus cultures of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L. var purpurascens). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 142 (1), 107-120.
35.Li, H., Tang, C. & Xu, Z. (2013). The effects of different light qualities on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plantlet growth and morphogenesis in vitro. Scientia Horticulturae, 150, 117-124.
36.Azad, M. O. K., Kjaer, K. H., Adnan, M., Naznin, M. T., Lim, J. D., Sung, I. J., Park, C. H. & Lim, Y. S. (2020). The Evaluation of Growth Performance, Photosynthetic Capacity, and Primary and Secondary Metabolite Content of Leaf Lettuce Grown under Limited Irradiation of Blue and Red LED Light. Urban Plant Factory Agriculture, 10 (2).
37.Jang, I., Do, G., Suh, S., Yu, J., Jang, I., Moon, J. & Chun, C. (2020). Physiological responses and ginsenoside production of Panax ginseng seedlings grown under various ratios of red to blue light-emitting diodes. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnolog,61 (4), 663-672.
38.Lee, S. H., Tewari, R. K., Hahn, E. J. & Paek, K. Y. (2007). Photon flux density and light quality induce changes in growth, stomatal development, photosynthesis and transpiration of Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal. plantlets. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 90 (2), 141-151.