مطالعه روابط عملکرد دانه با صفات فیزیولوژیکی سویا تحت تأثیر عصاره جلبک قهوه‌ای (Ascophyllum nodosum) و پیری تسریع شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، دانش آموخته دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: سویا یکی از مهم‌ترین گیاهان روغنی و پروتئینی در ایران و جهان محسوب می‌شود. با توجه به اهمیت عملکرد دانه سویا و شناسایی صفات مؤثر در افزایش آن، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی روابط بین عملکرد دانه با صفات زراعی و فیزیولوژیکی سویا و تعیین صفاتی که در شرایط نرمال و پیری تسریع شده اثر بیشتری بر عملکرد دانه دارند، صورت پذیرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: آزمایش حاضر طی دو سال زراعی 98-1397 و 99-1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار روی رقم کتول اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کیفیت اولیه بذر در دو سطح (بذور نرمال و بذور فرسوده) و عصاره جلبک دریایی در سه سطح (شاهد، پیش‌تیمار و محلول‌پاشی) بودند. بذرهای مورد استفاده از مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران تهیه شد که بذرهای برداشت شده همان سال بودند و تا زمان آزمایش در انبار کنترل شده دارای سیستم خنک‌کننده و در محدوده دمایی 14 تا 17 درجه سانتی‌گراد و رطوبت نسبی 30 تا 40 درصد نگهداری شده بودند. جهت اعمال فرسودگی، بذور به مدت 72 ساعت در دمای 41 درجه سانتی‌گراد و رطوبت نسبی 95 درصد قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: در گیاهان حاصل از بذور نرمال، 84/81 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه توسط تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و وزن صد دانه توجیه شد. بیشترین اثر مستقیم و مثبت را وزن صد دانه و بعد از آن تعداد غلاف در بوته به خود اختصاص دادند. صفت تعداد دانه در غلاف هم به‌طور مستقیم و هم به‌طور غیرمستقیم از طریق تأثیر بر وزن صد دانه بر عملکرد دانه تأثیر گذار بود. در گیاهان حاصل از بذور فرسوده، صفات درصد سبز شدن نهایی مزرعه، شاخص پایداری غشاء، شاخص سطح برگ، آنتوسیانین، هیدروژن پراکسید، رادیکال سوپراکسید، تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن صد دانه به‌عنوان متغیرهای اصلی وارد مدل شدند و 33/91 درصد از تغییرات توسط این هشت صفت توجیه شد. گونه‌های فعال اکسیژن شامل هیدروژن پراکسید و رادیکال سوپر اکسید به‌طور غیرمستقیم از طریق تأثیر بر وزن صد دانه موجب کاهش عملکرد دانه شدند. پیش‌تیمار بذور با عصاره جلبک از طریق افزایش درصد سبز شدن نهایی مزرعه، وزن صد دانه و میزان گلوتاتیون موجود در برگ گیاه موجب افزایش عملکرد دانه شد. محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک از طریق افزایش وزن صد دانه و شاخص پایداری غشاء موجب افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد دانه گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: صفات وزن صد دانه و تعداد غلاف در بوته در گیاهان حاصل از بذور نرمال و فرسوده سویا به‌دلیل اثر مستقیم و افزایشی بر عملکرد دانه می‌توانند به‌عنوان معیار گزینش جهت اصلاح و بهبود عملکرد در نظر گرفته شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the relationship between seed yield and soybean physiological traits under the influence of brown seaweed extract and accelerated aging

نویسندگان [English]

  • Safiye Arab 1
  • Mehdi Baradaran Firouzabadi 2
  • Ahmad Gholami 2
  • Mostafa Heidari 2
1 Corresponding Author, Ph.D. Graduate of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives
Soybean is considered one of the most important oil and protein plants in Iran and the world. Considering the importance of soybean yield and identifying traits effective in increasing it, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between seed yield and agronomic and physiological traits of soybean and determining the traits that have a greater effect on seed yield under normal and accelerated aging conditions.
Materials and methods
The present experiment was conducted in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahrood University of Technology during 2017-2018 and 2019-2020, in a factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete blocks in three replications on Katol variety. The treatments included accelerated aging in two levels (normal seeds and aged seeds) and seaweed extract in three levels (control, pre-treatment and foliar spraying). The seeds used were obtained from the research center for agriculture and natural resources of Mazandaran and the seeds were harvested in the same year and until the time of testing, they were kept in a controlled warehouse with a cooling system at a temperature range of 14 to 17°C and a relative humidity of 30 to 40%. In order to apply aging, the seeds were placed for 72 hours at a temperature of 41°C and a relative humidity of 95%.
Results
The results showed that in plants obtained from normal seeds, 84.81% of the changes in seed yield are justified by the number of pod per plant, the number of seed per pod and the 100 seed weight. In these plants, the 100 seed weight and then the number of pods per plant had the most direct and positive effect. The most direct and positive effect was attributed to the 100 seed weight, followed by the number of pods per plant. The trait of the number of seed per pod affected the seed yield both directly and indirectly through the effect on the 100 seed weight. Causality analysis in the plants obtained from aged seeds showed that the characteristics of final emergence percentage, membrane stability index, leaf area index, anthocyanin, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, number of pods per plant and 100 seed weight were entered into the model as main variables and 91.33% of the changes are explained by these eight traits. Seed pre-treatment with seaweed extract increased seed yield by increasing the percentage of final emergence of the field, the 100 seed weight and the amount of glutathione in the leaves of the plant. Foliar spraying of seaweed extract caused a significant increase in seed yield through increasing the weight of 100 seed weight and membrane stability index.
Conclusion
The characteristics of 100 seed weight and number of pods per plant in plants obtained from normal and aged soybean seeds can be considered as selection criteria for improving and improving yield due to their direct and increasing effect on seed yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Accelerated aging
  • Causality analysis
  • Correlation analysis

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دوره 30، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 79-101

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