کشت درون شیشه ای گیاه آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) و بررسی اثرات تهویه، سیلیس و غلظت ساکارز بر رشد و نمو آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

5 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پژوهشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

6 دانش‌آموخته دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گیاه آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) متعلق به تیره‌ی نعناع (Lamiaceae) است. آویشن باغی به‌ دلیل‌ داشتن‌ مقدار زیادی‌ مواد مؤثره، ‌در صنایع آرایشی‌ و بهداشتی، درمانی و‌ پزشکی به‌ عنوان یک‌ گیاه با ارزش، مهم و کاربردی محسوب می‌شود. هدف از انجام این مطالعه بهبود پرآوری شاخه، تولید گیاهچه‌های با کیفیت و کاهش اثرات تنش‌های درون شیشه‌ای مانند رطوبت بالا، افزایش غلظت اتیلن در خرد-اقلیم درون شیشه و آسیب مکانیکی به بافت ریزنمونه بود. همچنین مطالعات محدودی در ارتباط با تکثیر درون شیشه‌ای این گیاه انجام شده است.

مواد و روش‌ها: به‌ منظور بررسی اثرات تهویه، سیلیس و غلظت ساکارز بر رشد و نمو درون شیشه‌ای آویشن باغی (T. vulgaris) پژوهشی تحت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی که فاکتور اول شامل تهویه در دو سطح مختلف (دارای تهویه (برای اجرای تیمار تهویه از فیلترهای سرسرنگی 4/0 میکرون استفاده شد که در درب ظروف کاشت نصب گردید) و عدم تهویه) فاکتور دوم شامل سیلیس با چهار سطح (صفر، 5/1، 3 و 6 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) فاکتور سوم شامل ساکارز با سه سطح (5/7، 15 و 30 گرم در لیتر) و شاهد (عدم تهویه) بود. محیط کشت مورد استفاده محیط کشت موراشیگ و اسکوک بود که با 1 میلی گرم در لیتر کینتین، 3/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر جیبرلیک اسید و 8 گرم در لیتر آگار تکمیل شده بود. pH محیط کشت قبل از اتوکلاو روی 8/5 تنظیم شد. ریزنمونه‌های مورد استفاده تک گره‌های ساقه بودند که از یک توده پر رشد تهیه شد. صفاتی شامل: تعداد شاخه، طول شاخه، طول میانگره، تعداد برگ، وزن‌تر شاخه، وزن خشک شاخه، درصد باززایی شاخه، درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه، تعداد ریشه، طول ریشه، وزن‌تر ریشه، وزن خشک‌ریشه، درصد باززایی ریشه، پرولین، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، رنگیزه‌های گیاهی (کلروفیل، کاروتنوئید، آنتوسیانین، فلاونوئید) و درصد زنده‌مانی گیاهچه‌ها اندازه‌گیری و مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.

یافته‌ها: نتایج اثرات تهویه، سیلیس و غلظت‌های مختلف ساکارز بر صفات مورد ارزیابی نشان داد که در اثرات ساده صفات وزن تر ریشه، درصد آلودگی ریزنمونه و درصد زنده‌مانی گیاهچه‌ها در تیمار ساکارز و صفت فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در تیمار تهویه و در اثرات دوگانه صفات تعداد ریشه، درصد باززایی ریشه، وزن تر ریشه، طول شاخه، تعداد روزنه، فلاونوئید و کلروفیل b و در اثرات سه گانه صفات وزن خشک ریشه، پرولین و کلروفیل a در سطح احتمال 5 درصد معنی دار شد. نتایج‌ تجزیه‌ واریانس‌ داده‌ها نشان داد که‌ تیمار تهویه، سیلیس و غلظت ساکارز در سطح‌ احتمال (٠5/٠(p≤ در اثرات ساده معنی‌داری نداشت، ولی اثرات دوگانه و سه‌گانه این فاکتورها بر نیتروژن اثر معنی‌داری داشت (تیمار 5/7 گرم در لیتر ساکارز و دارای تهویه باعث‌ افزایش درصد نیتروژن به ‌عدد 23/1 شد).

نتیجه‌گیری: پژوهش‌ حاضر نشان داد که‌‌ اثرات تهویه، سیلیس و غلظت ساکارز بر ویژگـی‌هـای‌ مورفولـوژیکی‌، فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی‌ گیاه آویشن‌ باغی‌ متفاوت است‌. تیمار 15 گرم در لیتر ساکارز و 5/1 میلی‌گرم سیلیس به همراه عدم تهویه باعث افزایش‌ پارامترهای‌ رشدی‌ گیاه آویشن‌ باغی‌ وطول شاخه گردید.‌ با توجه‌ به‌ نتایج‌ به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان کاربرد سیلیس را نسبت‌ به‌ تهویه مقرون به‌صرفه‌ دانست‌ و آن را به‌صورت ترکیبی به محلول کشت‌ جهت‌ افزایش‌ عملکرد و رشد گیاه آویشن‌ پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cultivation of garden thyme plant (Thymus vulgaris L.) in vitro and investigating the effects of ventilation, silica and sucrose concentration on its growth and development

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afshin Moradi 1
  • Behnaz Yousefshahi 2
  • Dariush Ramezan 3
  • Maryam Rahimi 4
  • Zeynab Mohkami 5
  • Yusuf farrokhzad 6
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2 Ph.D. Student of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
4 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
5 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
6 Ph.D. Graduate, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: The garden thyme plant (Thymus vulgaris L.) belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae). Garden thyme is considered as a valuable, important and useful plant in the cosmetic and health, therapeutic and medical industries due to having a large amount of effective substances. The purpose of this study was to improve branch processing, produce quality seedlings and reduce the effects of intra-glass stresses such as high humidity, increasing Ethylene concentration in the micro-climate inside the glass and mechanical damage to the explant tissue. Also, limited studies have been done in relation to the in vitro propagation of this plant.

Materials and methods: To investigate the effects of ventilation, silica and sucrose concentration on the in vitro growth and development of garden thyme (T. vulgaris), a research was carried out under a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design, where the first factor included ventilation at two different levels (with ventilation (0.4 micron head filters were used to carry out the ventilation treatment, which were installed in the lid of the planting containers) and without ventilation) The second factor included silica with four levels (0, 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/L), the third factor included sucrose with three levels (7.5, 15 and 30 g/L) and control (no ventilation). The culture medium used was Murashige and Skoog, which was supplemented with 1 mg/L of kinetin, 0.3 mg/L of gibberellic acid and 8 g/L of agar. The pH of the culture medium was adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving. The explants used were single nodes of the stem, which were prepared from a growing mass. Traits include: number of branches, branch length, internode length, number of leaves, branch weight, branch dry weight, branch regeneration percentage, explant contamination percentage, root number, root length, root weight, root dry weight, root regeneration percentage, proline, antioxidant activity, plant pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, flavonoid) and seedling survival percentage were measured and evaluated.

Results: The results of the effects of ventilation, silica and different concentrations of sucrose on the evaluated traits It showed that in the simple effects of root male weight, explant contamination percentage and seedling survival percentage in sucrose treatment and antioxidant trait in conditioning treatment and in double effects of root number, root regeneration percentage, root fresh weight, branch length , the number of stomata, flavonoid and chlorophyll b and in the triple effects of root dry weight, proline and chlorophyll a were significant at the 5% probability level. The results of variance analysis of the data showed that the treatments of ventilation, silica and sucrose concentration were not significant at the probability level of 5% in simple effects, but the double and triple effects of these factors had a significant effect on nitrogen (The treatment with 7.5 gr/L of sucrose and ventilation increased the percentage of nitrogen to 1.23).

Conclusion: The present research showed that the effects of ventilation, silica and sucrose concentration on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of garden thyme plant are different. The treatment of 15 gr/L of sucrose and 1.5 mg of silica along with no ventilation increased the growth parameters of garden thyme plant and branch length. Therefore, according to the obtained results, the use of silica can be considered economical compared to ventilation and it can be suggested as a combination to the culture solution to increase the yield and growth of T. vulgaris.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anthocyanin
  • Antioxidant
  • activity
  • Flavonoid
  • Tissue culture

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 31، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 23-46

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