تاثیر باکتری‌های باسیلوس سابتیلیس و باسیلوس ولزنسیس بر تحمل به تنش شوری گل جعفری رقم نارنجی (Tagetes erecta L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گل جعفری (Tagetes erecta) یک گل فصلی با اهمیت متعلق به تیره آفتابگردان (Asteraceae) است. تنش‌های محیطی به ویژه تنش شوری در خاک‌های زراعی در حال افزایش است. بنابراین یافتن راهکار مناسب جهت کاهش اثرهای شوری خاک و امکان کشت در این نوع خاک‌ها ضروری به نظر می‌رسد. در این بین باکتری‌های محرک رشد به عنوان عاملی برای مقابله با این تنش‌ها، یکی از گزینه‌های مهم هستند. این پژوهش با هدف تاثیر باکتری‌های محرک رشد به عنوان کود زیستی در ایجاد تحمل گیاه جعفری در برابر تنش شوری صورت گرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور بررسی تاثیر کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد بر کاهش اثرهای تنش شوری در گیاه جعفری نارنجی، پژوهشی در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1401 صورت گرفت. این پژوهش به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با تیمارهای، سه سطح تنش شوری (0، 4 و 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر) و سه سطح استفاده از باکتری باسیلوس (شاهد، Bacillus subtilis، Bacillus velezensis) در سه تکرار صورت گرفت که در مجموع 27 واحد آزمایشی را تشکیل داد. صفات ریخت-شناسی و فیزیولوژیک اندازه‌گیری شده پس از اعمال تنش شامل: ارتفاع گیاه، قطر گل، تعداد گل، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر و خشک ریشه، کلروفیل، میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان، درصد نشت یونی برگ، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز، پرولین، درصد سدیم، پتاسیم و نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم محاسبه شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که اثر تنش شوری و همچنین اثر باکتری بر تمامی صفات معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل شوری در باکتری در برخی صفات نظیر وزن تر و خشک ریشه، قطر و تعداد گل، درصد نشت یونی برگ، کلروفیل کل، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز، پرولین، درصد سدیم و پتاسیم و نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم معنی‌دار شد. براساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها در اثر تنش شوری صفات ارتفاع گیاه، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، قطر و تعداد گل، کلروفیل، درصد پتاسیم به طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت و در مقابل درصد نشت یونی، میزان فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز، پرولین، آنتوسیانین و آنتی‌کسیدان، سدیم و نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم افزایش یافت. همچنین کاربرد باکتری موجب تعدیل اثرات سوء تنش شوری گردید و با افزایش مقدار پرولین، آنتوسیانین، آنتی‌اکسیدان و افزایش میزان پتاسیم منجر به بهبود شرایط رشدی در تنش شوری 8 و 4 دسی زیمنس بر متر گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که شوری موجب القای اثرات منفی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گل جعفری نارنجی شد. باکتری‌های محرک رشد به وسیله سازوکارهای مستقیم و غیرمستقیم باعث کاهش اثرات منفی تنش شوری شدند. در بین باکتری‌هایی که مورد استفاده قرار گرفت باکتری باسیلوس سوبتیلیس نسبت به باکتری باسیلوس ولزنسیس واکنش بهتری در گل جعفری زینتی نشان داد و اثر تنش شوری را کاهش داد. به عبارتی در سطوح بالای تنش شوری می‌توان با کاربرد باکتری‌های محرک رشد از خسارت ناشی از تنش شوری جلوگیری کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus velezensis bacteria on tolerance to salinity stress in orange marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azar Grayloo 1
  • Mitra Aelaei 2
  • Seyed Najmeddin Mortazavi 3
  • Masoud Arghavani 3
  • Fahimeh Salehi 4
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan Zanjan, Iran
4 Ph.D. Graduate, Dept. of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjany, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Parsley (Tagetes erecta) is an important bedding plant of asteraceae family. Environmental stresses, especially salinity stress in agricultural soils are increasing. Therefore, it seems necessary to find a suitable solution to reduce the effects of soil salinity and the possibility of cultivation in these types of soils. Meanwhile, growth-promoting bacteria are one of the important options as a factor to deal with these stresses. This research was carried out with the aim of the effect of growth stimulating bacteria as biofertilizers in making parsley plant resistant to salt stress.
Materials and methods: In order to investigate the effect of the application of growth-stimulating bacteria on reducing the effects of salinity stress in orange parsley, a research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Zanjan University in 2022. This research was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of a completely randomized design with treatments, three levels of salinity stress (0, 4 and 8 decisiemens) and three levels of Bacillus bacteria (control, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus velezensis) in three replications, which in total It formed 27 experimental units. Morpho - physiologycal traits include: plant height, flower diameter, number of flowers, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, total chlorophyll, antioxidant, ion leakage percentage, peroxidase enzyme, proline, sodium, potassium and The ratio of sodium to potassium was calculated.
Results. The results of this research showed that the effect of salinity stress as well as the effect of bacteria on all traits was significant. The interaction effect of salinity in bacteria was significant in some traits such as fresh and dry weight of roots, diameter and number of flowers, leaf ion leakage percentage, total chlorophyll, peroxidase enzyme, proline, sodium and potassium percentage and sodium to potassium ratio. Based on the results of the comparison of averages, due to salinity stress, plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, diameter and number of flowers, chlorophyll, potassium percentage decreased significantly and in contrast to the characteristics of flower ion leakage percentage, peroxidase enzyme level, Proline, anthocyanin and antioxidants, sodium and the ratio of sodium to potassium increased. Also, the use of bacteria moderated the negative effects of salinity stress and by increasing the amount of proline, anthocyanin, antioxidant and increasing the amount of potassium, it led to the improvement of growth conditions in 8 and 4 deci siemens per meter salinity stress. Among the bacteria that were used, Bacillus subtilis showed a better response than Bacillus velezensis in ornamental parsley and reduced the effect of salt stress.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that salinity induced negative effects on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of ornamental cabbage. Growth promoting bacteria reduced the negative effects of salinity stress through direct and indirect mechanisms. Among the bacteria that were used, Bacillus subtilis showed a better response than Bacillus velezensis in ornamental parsley and reduced the effect of salt stress. In other words, at high levels of salinity stress, the damage caused by salinity stress can be prevented by using growth-promoting bacteria.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacteria
  • Ornamental flower
  • Physiological traits
  • Salinity stress

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 31، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 189-211

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