اثر شوری بر آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک در دو پایه دورگ بین‌گونه‌ای پسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشیار مرکز تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش‌های غیرزیستی مانند شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین تهدیدات در زمینه امنیت کشاورزی به حساب می‌آیند. با توجه به اهمیت محصول پسته (Pistacia vera L.) به عنوان محصولی راهبردی و افزایش قابل توجه شوری خاک در ایران، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثرات تنش شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم بر فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و برخی صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک در دو پایه دورگ بین‌گونه‌ای و امیدبخش پسته (آروتا 1 و آروتا 2) در مقایسه با والدین آنها آتلانتیکا (P. atlantica) و اینتگریما (P. integerrima) انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در سال 1400 در گلخانه پژوهشی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی شاهرود و آزمایشگاه دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان اجرا شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار روی نهال‌های یک‌ساله بذری صورت گرفت. فاکتور اول تنش شوری در سه سطح (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم) و فاکتور دوم پایه در چهار سطح (آروتا 1، آروتا 2، آتلانتیکا و اینتگریما) بودند. پایه‌های آروتا حاصل تلاقی کنترل‌شده بین پایه‌های آتلانتیکا به عنوان والد ماده و اینتگریما به عنوان والد نر بودند. تنش شوری به مدت 90 روز اعمال شد و سپس فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی و صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک اندازه‌گیری شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تنش شوری ارتفاع پایه‌ها کاهش یافت و کمترین درصد کاهش ارتفاع در پایه آروتا 2 مشاهده شد. با افزایش شوری محتوای سدیم برگ در هر چهار پایه افزایش یافت و کمترین میزان تجمع سدیم (06/5 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک برگ) در تیمار شوری صفر و در پایه آروتا 2 بود. بیشترین میزان پتاسیم برگ (77/21 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) در شرایط تیمار شوری صفر و در پایه آروتا 1 مشاهده گردید. بیشترین محتوای آنتوسیانین کل و فنول کل در تیمار شوری 200 میلی‌مولار در هر دو پایه آروتا 1 و آروتا 2 دیده شد و بین این دو پایه تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. بیشترین مقدار پرولین برگ (07/5 میکروگرم بر گرم وزن تر) نیز در شوری 200 میلی‌مولار و در پایه آروتا 1 مشاهده گردید. میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی در شرایط تنش شدید و در پایه های آروتا 1 و آروتا 2 بیشتر بود. کمترین مقدار مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (13/31 نانومول بر گرم وزن تر) در شرایط تنش مربوط به پایه آروتا 2 بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش پایه آتلانتیکا در شرایط تنش و در اغلب صفات عملکرد مناسبی نداشت. همچنین به نظر می‌رسد که در شرایط تنش پایه‌های امیدبخش آروتا 1 و 2 در اغلب صفات موفق‌تر از والدین خود عمل کرده و کارایی بهتری داشتند؛ بنابراین این پایه‌ها به عنوان متحمل‌ترین پایه‌ها نسبت به شوری معرفی می‌گردند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Salinity on Antioxidant Enzymes and some Morphophysiological Traits of Two Interspecies Hybrid Pistachio Rootstocks

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elahe Mirabi 1
  • Esmaeil Seifi 2
  • Hossein Hokmabadi 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Associate Prof., Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Semnan Center of Agricultural Research, Education and Extension, Semnan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, are recognized as one of the foremost threats to agricultural security. Given the strategic significance of pistachios as a valuable crop and the notable rise in soil salinity levels in Iran, this research aims to examine the impact of salinity stress induced by sodium chloride on antioxidant enzymes and various morphophysiological traits. Specifically, the study compares two interspecific and promising pistachio hybrids, Arota 1 and Arota 2, with their parent species Atlantica (P. atlantica) and Integerrima (P. integerrima).

Materials and methods: The experiment was conducted in the year 2021 at the research greenhouse of the Agricultural Organization in Shahrood city and the laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. It followed a factorial experiment in frame of a completely randomized design with three replications on one-year-old seedlings. The first factor involved salinity stress at three levels (zero, 100, and 200 mM sodium chloride), while the second factor consisted of four different rootstocks (Arota 1, Arota 2, Atlantica, and Integerrima). The Arota rootstocks were obtained through controlled crossbreeding, with Atlantica serving as the female parent and Integerrima as the male parent. Salt stress was applied for a duration of 90 days, after which antioxidant enzymes and morphophysiological traits were measured.

Results: The findings demonstrate that salinity stress leads to a decrease in rootstock height, with Arota 2 exhibiting the lowest percentage of decline. The sodium content of all four rootstocks increased as salinity levels rose, with Arota 2 recording the lowest concentration of sodium (5.06 mg g-1 of DW) in the control treatment. The highest potassium content (21.77 mg g-1 DW) was observed in the control and in Arota 1. The highest concentrations of total anthocyanin and total phenol were recorded at salinity levels of 200 µM and in Arota 1 and 2. The highest amount of leaf proline (5.07 µg g-1 FW) was observed at a salinity level of 200 µM and in Arota 1. Antioxidant enzyme activity was more pronounced in Arota genotypes under extreme stress conditions, with Arota 2 exhibiting the lowest malondialdehyde level (31.13 nmol g-1 FW) in stress conditions.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study indicated that the Atlantic rootstock displayed susceptibility and performed poorly under stress conditions, as evidenced by various traits. On the other hand, the promising genotypes of Arota exhibited superior performance in most traits compared to their parent species, demonstrating their resilience in stressful conditions. The Arota rootstocks emerged as the most tolerant genotypes to salinity stress, underscoring the significance of identifying and utilizing tolerant genotypes to mitigate the impact of abiotic stresses, such as salinity, on sustainable agricultural production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arota
  • Catalase
  • Peroxidase
  • Phenol
  • Pistacia
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