پهنه‌بندی زراعی- بوم‌شناختی اراضی شهرستان بهشهر جهت کشت گندم و جو پاییزه (مطالعه موردی: بخش یانه‌سر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته آگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. گرگان. ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، استاد گروه علوم باعبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. گرگان. ایران

3 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. گرگان. ایران

4 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری. ساری. ایران

چکیده

مقدمه و هدف: یکی از بهترین روش‌ها برای سنجش توان بوم‌شناختی هر منطقه، روش مساحی و ارزیابی تناسب کاربری اراضی است. بوسیله این روش مناطق مستعد برای کشت هر گیاه در یک مقیاس بزرگ در مقایسه با مطالعات آزمایشگاهی و مزرعه‌ای مشخص می گردد. این دست مطالعات در راستای کشاورزی پایدار بوده و از تخریب منابع محیطی جلوگیری می‌کند. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی زراعی- بوم شناختی اراضی زراعی شهرستان بهشهر (استان مازندران) جهت کشت دو گیاه گندم و جو با استفاده تحلیل‌های مکانی GIS و AHP در سال 1401-1400 انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای این منظور از متغیرهای اقلیمی (دماهای کمینه، بیشینه، متوسط و بارش سالانه)، توپوگرافی (شیب، جهت و ارتفاع) و خصوصیات خاک (بافت‌، K، P، Cu، Mn، N، Fe، TNV، ماده آلی، EC، pH و OC) استفاده شد. نقشه‌های موضوعی هریک از متغیرها در ArcGIS 10.8‌تهیه شد، سپس نقشه نهایی با اختصاص وزن‌های AHP روی‌هم‌گذاری شدند. نقشه نهایی در چهار طبقه بسیار مستعد، مستعد، نیمه مستعد و غیر مستعد طبقه‌بندی شد.
یافته‌ها: مساحت دو طبقه بسیار مستعد و مستعد برای گیاه گندم به ترتیب 3/13، 6/23 و جو 1/20 و7/23 درصد از کل منطقه در برگرفت. همچنین دو پهنه با قابلیت کشت نیمه مستعد وغیر مستعد برای این دو گیاه به ترتیب 2/28 و 1/35 درصد برای گندم و6/28 و 6/27 برای جو از کل مساحت منطقه مورد مطالعه را شامل شد. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده مشخص شد مناطق بسیار مستعد در قسمتهایی از شمال غربی و مناطق مستعد و نیمه مستعد در قسمتهای مرکزی و مناطق غیر مستعد در قسمتهای شرقی و جنوب شرقی منطقه واقع شده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: در این مطالعه مشخص شد شرایط اقلیمی مخصوصا بارش که از غرب به شرق به صورت نزولی و دما از سمت غرب به شرق روند سعودی داشته و همچنین از نظر توپو گرافی مناطق شرقی و جنوب شرقی از ارتفاعات بالاتری برخوردار بوده و کاهش ماده آلی خاک در قسمتهای شرقی و جنوبی، از دلایل اصلی وضعیت ضعیف استعداد اراضی در منطقه می‌باشد.
کلمات کلیدی: استعدادسنجی اراضی، سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، جو، گندم، AHP.
مقدمه و هدف: یکی از بهترین روش‌ها برای سنجش توان بوم‌شناختی هر منطقه، روش مساحی و ارزیابی تناسب کاربری اراضی است. بوسیله این روش مناطق مستعد برای کشت هر گیاه در یک مقیاس بزرگ در مقایسه با مطالعات آزمایشگاهی و مزرعه‌ای مشخص می گردد. این دست مطالعات در راستای کشاورزی پایدار بوده و از تخریب منابع محیطی جلوگیری می‌کند. این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی زراعی- بوم شناختی اراضی زراعی شهرستان بهشهر (استان مازندران) جهت کشت دو گیاه گندم و جو با استفاده تحلیل‌های مکانی GIS و AHP در سال 1401-1400 انجام شد.
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کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Agro-ecological zoning of lands in Behshahr county for the cultivation of autumn wheat and barley (Case study: Yaneh-Sar region)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Karim Reyahi 1
  • Hossein Kazemi 2
  • Afshin Soltani 3
  • Fardin Sadeghzadeh 4
1 Ph.D. Student of Agro-technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran.
2 Corresponding author, Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran
3 Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction and aim: One of the best ways to know the ecological ability of each region is the method of land surveying and evaluating land suitability. By this method, it is possible to determine the suitable area for the cultivation of each plant on a wide scale compared to the laboratory and field methods, and to take steps towards the sustainability of agriculture and prevention of environmental destruction with targeted management principles. This study was conducted with the aim of agro-ecological evaluation of agricultural lands in Behshahr county (Mazandarn province) for the cultivation of wheat and barley using spatial analysis of GIS and AHP in 2020-2021.
Materials and Methods For this purpose, climatic variables (minimum, maximum, average temperatures and annual precipitation), topography (slope, direction and height) and soil characteristics (texture, K, P, Cu, Mn, N, Fe, TNV, organic matter, EC, pH and OC) were used. Thematic maps of each variable were prepared in ArcGIS 10.8, then the final map was produced by assigning AHP weights. The final map was classified into four classes: highly suitable, suitable, semi-suitable and non-suitable.
Results: Based on the obtained results, it was found that the most suitable areas for wheat cultivation are located in the north and northwest regions, respectively, and for barley in the southeast parts of the region. In general, the area of two high suitable and suitable classes for two crops of wheat and barley included 13, 23.5, 35 and 28% of the total area respectively, but the area of semi-suitable and non-suitable classes for two crops were 35 and 59%, respectively. According to the obtained results, climatic conditions, especially rainfall, soil organic matter and topography were the main reasons for this condition.
Conclusion: In this research, it was found that for wheat and barley, 23 and 37% of the studied agricultural lands were suitable for production in terms of topography, soil and climate, and there is no limitation in terms of these variables. In general, among the limiting factors, annual rainfall, low percentage of organic matter and poor soil fertility are identified as the limiting factors for rainfed wheat and barley cultivation in semi-suitable and non-suitable classes.
Keywords: AHP, Barley, Geographical Information System (GIS), Land use suitability, Wheat.

Introduction and aim: One of the best ways to know the ecological ability of each region is the method of land surveying and evaluating land suitability. By this method, it is possible to determine the suitable area for the cultivation of each plant on a wide scale compared to the laboratory and field methods, and to take steps towards the sustainability of agriculture and prevention of environmental destruction with targeted management principles. This study was conducted with the aim of agro-ecological evaluation of agricultural lands in Behshahr county (Mazandarn province) for the cultivation of wheat and barley using spatial analysis of GIS and AHP in 2020-2021.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • AHP
  • Barley
  • Geographical Information System (GIS)
  • Land use suitability
  • Wheat

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 33، شماره 1
فروردین 1405
صفحه 1-25

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