ارزیابی مقادیر مختلف آب آبیاری بر برخی از ویژگی های رویشی و زایشی خربزه توده بومی سوسکی سبز پیوندی و غیر پیوندی تحت سیستم آبیاری قطره ای

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار علوم باغبانی (فیزیولوژی و اصلاح سبزی)، گروه علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زابل

2 تکنسین پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
با توجه به کمبود منابع آبی در کشور، اتخاذ روش های کم آبیاری و استفاده بهینه از منابع محدود آب، امری ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر است. یکی از راهکارهای مناسب جهت مقابله با کم آبی، بکارگیری از تکنیک پیوند می باشد. پایه های هیبریدی سیستم ریشه ای قوی و گسترده ای جهت جذب آب و مواد غذائی و انتقال آن به بخش هوائی (پیوندک) گیاه پیوندی دارند. لذا استفاده از فن پیوند سبزی های میوه ای، می تواند به عنوان یک رویکرد برای افزایش مقاومت گیاهان جالیزی به کم آبی مطرح باشد. مطالعات زیادی در دنیا، در مورد ویژگی‌های پایه‌های خاص گیاهان جالیزی از جمله مقاومت به عوامل بیماری‌زا، دماهای پایین خاک و تنش شوری انجام گرفته است. همچنین توده های گوناگون گیاهان جالیزی، واکنش های متفاوتی در برابر شرایط کم آبی بروز می دهند. اما اطلاعاتی راجع به ترکیب پایه و پیوندک های گوناگون (توده های بومی) در پاسخ به شرایط کم آبیاری به ندرت گزارش شده است.
مواد و روشها:
جهت بررسی اثرات کم آبیاری بر برخی از پارامترهای کمی و کیفی گیاه خربزه توده بومی سوسکی سبز پیوندی و غیر پیوندی آزمایش مزرعه ای به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در مزرعه پژوهشی موسسه آموزش عالی امام خمینی (ره) وابسته به وزارت جهاد کشاورزی واقع در شهرک مهندس زراعی در کرج در سال 1393 اجرا گردید. در این پژوهش از سه سطح آبیاری 60 (63/5417 متر مکعب در هکتار)، 80 (64/6853 متر مکعب در هکتار) و 100 (65/8289 مترمکعب در هکتار) درصد بر اساس تخلیه رطوبتی سهل الوصول، به صورت فاکتور اصلی و سه ترکیب پیوندی شامل گیاهان پیوندی روی کدوی هیبریدی شینتوزا، گیاهان پیوندی روی کدوی هیبریدی فرو و گیاهان پیوندی روی خربزه توده بومی سوسکی سبز و همچنین گیاهان غیر پیوندی (شاهد) در سه تکرار به صورت فاکتور فرعی تحت شرایط سیستم آبیاری قطره ای اجرا شد. نیاز آبی خربزه سوسکی سبز در مراحل مختلف رشد و نمو با استفاده از دستگاه پروفیل پروپ (PR2) اندازه گیری شد.
یافته ها:
نتایج نشان دادند که گیاهان پیوندی روی پایه های کدو به طور معنی داری رشد رویشی، عملکرد و کارائی مصرف آب بیشتری در مقایسه با گیاهان غیر پیوندی داشتند. بیشترین (45/4 کیلوگرم در مترمکعب) کارائی مصرف آب بیوماس (WUEb) مربوط به سطح کم آبیاری 60 درصد بود. همچنین اختلاف معنی داری بین سطوح کم آبیاری 60 و 80 درصد وجود نداشت. کمترین (59/5 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب) و بیشترین (06/7 کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) کارائی مصرف آب میوه (WUEy) به ترتیب به گیاهان پیوندی روی پایه شینتوزا و گیاهان پیوندی روی خربزه سوسکی سبز اختصاص داشت. همچنین حداقل (12/194 میلی لیتر در 24 ساعت) و حداکثر (01/92 میلی لیتر در 24 ساعت) حجم شیره خام آوند چوبی به ترتیب به پایه های شینتوزا و خربزه سوسکی سبز (گیاهان خود پیوندی) مربوط بود. بیشترین (23/39 تن در هکتار) و کمترین (16/27 تن در هکتار) عملکرد بازار پسند میوه به ترتیب در سطح آبیاری شاهد و 60 درصد ثبت شد. مقادیر غلظت نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم برگ گیاهان پیوندی روی پایه های کدو در مقایسه با گیاهان خود پیوندی به طور معنی داری بیشتری بود. بیشترین (56/12 درجه بریکس) مواد جامد محلول گوشت میوه مربوط به سطح کم آبیاری 80 درصد بود. همچنین اسیدیته کل میوه به طور معنی داری تحت تاثیر سطوح آبیاری و پیوند قرار نگرفت.
نتیجه گیری:
یافته های این آزمایش نشان داد که ترکیب های پیوندی خربزه توده بومی سوسکی سبز بر روی پایه شینتوزا و فرو، در بیشتر صفات کمی و کیفی بدون اثرات منفی بر کیفیت میوه، برتر از گیاهان غیر پیوندی و خود پیوندی بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation different amounts of irrigation water on some vegetative and reproductive parameters of grafted and ungrafted iranian melon [Cucumis melo (L.)] Souski-e-Sabz accessions under drip irrigation system

نویسندگان [English]

  • dariush ramezan 1
  • Seyed Akbar Mousavi 2
1 Assistant Professor of Horticulture Science (physiology and vegetable breeding), Department of Horticulture and landscaping, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol , Iran.
2 Technician of University College of Agriculture and Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives:
Due to lack of water resources in the country, adopting deficit irrigation techniques and efficient use of limited water resources is necessary and inevitable. Appropriate strategies to deal with water shortage, use the grafting technique. Hybrid rootstocks have strong and extensive root system to absorb water and nutrients to the plant (scion). So, the use grafting technique of fruit vegetable, can be used as an approach to increase plant resistance to deficit irrigation is raised. Numerous studies in the world, on the basis of specific features of vine crops rootstocks, such as resistance to pathogens, low temperatures and soil salinity have been conducted. As well as various mass vine crops, mixed reaction to the deficit irrigation conditions. But information about the composition of the Various rootstock and scion (indigenous) in response to deficit irrigation have been reported rarely.
Materials and Methods:
A field experiment was performed to determine grafting and deficit irrigation effects on the some quantitative and qualitative traits of Souski-e-Sabz melon (Landrace). Experimental design was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three irrigation levels of 60 (5417.63 cubic meters per hectare), 80 (6853.64 cubic meters per hectare) and 100 (8289.65 cubic meters per hectare) % in, and (consumed water) respectively, based on total available water depletion in the research field of higher education institution Imam Khomeini (RA) under the Ministry of Agriculture in Karaj in 2014 and four grafting combinations include grafting onto Shintozwa and Ferro-RZ, self grafted and non grafted (as control) on three replicates with drip irrigation system were evaluated. Water requirement of melon at different stages of growth and development was measured by a profile probe set.
Results:
The results were demonstrated that grafted plants onto cucurbit rootstocks had significantly higher values for vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency in comparison with un-grafted plants. The highest (4.45 kg/m-3) biomass water use efficiency (WUEb) was recorded in 60% irrigation level and also no significant differences between irrigation levels of 60 and 80 % were observed. The highest (7.06 kg/m-3) and lowest (5.59 kg/m-3) fruit yield water use efficiency (WUEy) was recorded in grafting combinations of Souski-e-Sabz onto Shintozwa and Souski-e-Sabz onto Souski-e-Sabz respectively. The maximum (194.12 ml/24ha) and minimum (92.01 ml/24ha) volume of xylem sap was recorded in plants grafted onto Shintozwa and Souski-e-Sabz onto Souski-e-Sabz respectively. The maximum (39.23 tons per hectare) and minimum (27.16 tons per hectare) marketable yield were related to 100 and 60 % irrigation levels respectively. The concentration of N, P and K, in leaves was improved significantly in grafted than in ungrafted and self grafted plants. The highest (12.56°Brix) total soluble solids of fruits were obtained from grafted melon plants under deficit irrigation 80 %. The total acidity was no significantly influenced by the irrigation levels and grafting combinations.
Conclusion:
The findings of this study showed that the grafting combinations of Souski-e-Sabz onto shintozwa and Ferro-RZ rootstocks, in most of the quantitative and qualitative traits, with no negative effects on the quality of fruit, were more effective than non-grafted and own-rooted plants.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Melon
  • Minerals
  • Scion
  • TSS
  • WUE

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 25، شماره 3
آذر 1397
صفحه 101-123

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