تأثیر کودهای اوره و مرغی بر رشد و میزان ژل تولیدی آلوئه‌ورا

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 استاد گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران،

3 استادیار گروه بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آلوئه‌ورا یکی از مهم‌ترین و اقتصادی‌ترین گیاهان دارویی، در بسیاری از کشورهای جهان از جمله ایران محسوب
می‌شود. با توجه به گسترش فرهنگ استفاده از گیاهان دارویی در سطح جهان و با در نظر گرفتن مسایل زیست محیطی ناشی از کاربرد
نهاده‌های شیمیایی، استفاده از منابع آلی برای تأمین نیازهای تغذیه‌ای گیاهان دارویی اجتناب ناپذیر می‌باشد. هدف اصلی این آزمایش بررسی تأثیر کود اوره و مرغی بر رشد و تولید ژل گیاه آلوئه‌ورا بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار سطح نیتروژن 50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن در کیلوگرم خاک از منبع کود مرغی و چهار سطح نیتروژن 50، 100، 150 و 200 میلی‌گرم نیتروژن در کیلوگرم خاک از منبع کود اوره و همچنین تیمار شاهد (بدون کود) بودند. صفات مورد بررسی شامل ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول برگ، عرض برگ، ضخامت برگ، وزن کل برگ‌ها، میزان کلروفیل a، میزان کلروفیل b، کاروتنوئیدها، درصد ژل، وزن ژل و ویسکوزیته بودند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول برگ، عرض برگ، ضخامت برگ، وزن کل برگ در تیمار کود مرغی نسبت به شاهد افزایش داشت، که بیشترین میزان ارتفاع بوته (62/42 سانتی‌متر) در سطح 100 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم، بالاترین میزان طول برگ (57/29 سانتی‌متر) و بیشترین میزان عرض برگ (85/5 سانتی‌متر) در سطح 200 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم و بیشترین میزان ضخامت برگ (37/1 سانتی‌متر) در سطح 100 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم و بیشترین میزان وزن کل برگ (1190 گرم) در سطح 150 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم از منبع کود مرغی مشاهده شد. به طور متوسط کود مرغی 8/4 درصد برگ بیشتری نسبت به کود شیمیایی تولید کرد. همچنین در بین ترکیبات تیماری بیشترین میزان و وزن ژل به ترتیب در سطح 100 و 150 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم نیتروژن از منبع کود مرغی حاصل شد. بالاترین کلروفیل a و کلروفیل b در سطح 200 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم به ترتیب از منبع کود مرغی و کود شیمیایی مشاهده شد. به طور میانگین کود مرغی میزان کاروتنوئید را 15/2 درصد نسبت به کود شیمیایی افزایش داد. ویسکوزیته تیمارهای دریافت کننده کود مرغی بطور معنی‎داری کمتر از کود شیمیایی بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که کود مرغی در مقایسه با کود شیمیایی سبب افزایش تولید برگ و ژل و همچنین بهبود کیفیت ژل گیاه آلوئه‌ورا در این آزمایش شد. بنابراین برای تولید مطلوب برگ و ژل گیاه دارویی آلوئه‌ورا در شرایط گلخانه‌ای استفاده از کود مرغی توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of urea fertilizer in comparison with the broiler litter on the growth and produced gel of Aloe vera

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Kavyani 1
  • Sina Fallah 2
  • Zahra Izadi 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Professor, Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran,
3 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Biosystem, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: Aloe vera is considered as one of the most important and economical medicinal plants in various countries of the world as well as Iran. Due to extensive utilization of medicinal plants in the world and also environmental problems associated with the use of chemical inputs, organic resources have increasingly attracted many researchers as better fertilizers to address plant nutrients' requirements. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of broiler litter compared to chemical fertilizers on the growth and gel production of Aloe vera.
Materials and Methods: This research was carried out at the greenhouse conditions and to do that, a randomized complete block design with four replications was implemented. The experiments consisted of four levels of nitrogen (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1) in the form of broiler litter, four levels of nitrogen (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1) in the form of chemical fertilizer and also the control treatment (without fertilizer). The studied traits were plant height, the number of leaf per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, total leaf weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, gel percentage, gel weight and gel viscosity.
Results: The results revealed that the plant height, the number of leaf per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf thickness, and leaf weight in the broiler litter treatment were significantly higher than these traits in the control treatment. In more detail, the highest plant height (42.62 cm) was obtained in 100 mg kg-1; while, the highest leaf length (29.57 cm) and the highest leaf width (5.85 cm) were achieved in 200 mg kg-1. Moreover, the highest leaf thickness (1.37 cm) was identified in 100 mg kg-1 and the maximum leaf weight (1190 g) belonged to 150 mg kg-1 in which they were all in the form of broiler litter. On average, the broiler litter was able to produce 4.8% more leaf than the chemical fertilizer. Among various treatments, the highest gel percentage and weight were obtained in 100 and 150 mg kg-1 of the broiler litter, respectively. Also, the highest chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were observed at 200 mg kg-1 in the broiler litter and chemical fertilizer forms, respectively. On average, the broiler litter increased carotenoids up to 2.15 percent more than chemical fertilizers. Eventually, the viscosity of the broiler litter treatments was considerably lower than chemical fertilizer.
Conclusion: It is generally concluded that the broiler litter more remarkably enhances the leaf and gel weight and better improves the quality of Aloe vera gel in comparison with chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the application of broiler litter is highly recommended in order to achieve optimal leaf and gel production of Aloe vera in the greenhouse conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aloe vera
  • fertilizer
  • gel production
  • viscosity
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