اثر انواع مالچ و تاریخ کاشت بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و عملکرد کدو پوست کاغذی ( Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران،

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: در دوره گذار از کشاورزی متداول به کشاورزی پایدار، گیاهان دارویی گزینه مناسبی برای انتخاب هستند. کدوی پوست کاغذی Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca)) یکی از گیاهان دارویی مهم می‌باشد که روغن دانه آن برای پیشگیری و درمان سرطان پروستات کاربرد دارد. یکی از پارامترهایی که بر عملکرد و کیفیت گیاهان دارویی مؤثر است، تاریخ کاشت می‌باشد. کاربرد مالچ نیز یکی از راهکار‌های موثر در دستیابی به اهداف اکولوژیک کشاورزی پایدار می‌باشد. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی اثر انواع مالچ و تاریخ کاشت بر خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد کدوی پوست کاغذی طراحی و اجرا شد.

مواد و روشها: آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با دو فاکتور در سه تکرار، در مزرعه‌ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه کردستان طی سال زراعی 1394 به اجرا درآمد. فاکتور اول دو تاریخ کشت (30 اردیبهشت ماه و 15 خرداد ماه) و فاکتور دوم پنج نوع مالچ (مالچ پلاستیک شفاف، مالچ پلاستیک مشکی، مالچ کاه و کلش گندم، مالچ زنده شبدر و تیمار بدون مالچ) بود. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل تعداد دانه در میوه، تعداد میوه در بوته، قطر میوه، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد میوه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و صفات مربوط به کیفیت دانه شامل درصد روغن دانه و عملکرد روغن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.

یافتهها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس آزمایش نشان داد تیمارهای مختلف مالچ، اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات تعداد دانه در میوه، تعداد میوه در بوته، قطر میوه، عملکرد میوه، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، درصد روغن دانه و عملکرد روغن گیاه داروئی کدو پوست کاغذی داشت. تاریخ کاشت سبب افزایش معنی‌دار تعداد میوه در بوته، عملکرد دانه، درصد و عملکرد روغن گردید. اثر متقابل مالچ و تاریخ کشت نیز برای صفات تعداد میوه در بوته، عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن دانه و عملکرد روغن معنیدار گردید، به طوری که بر اساس مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها بیشترین مقادیر این پارامترها به ترتیب (82/1 عدد، 2/112 گرم در متر مربع، 02/40 درصد و 9/44 گرم در متر مربع) در تیمار ترکیبی تاریخ کشت اردیبهشت ماه و مالچ پلاستیک مشکی حاصل شد و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار شاهد و تاریخ کشت خرداد ماه بود. وزن هزار دانه تحت تاثیر هیچکدام از فاکتورها معنی‌دار نگردید. بیشترین تعداد دانه در میوه، عملکرد میوه و عملکرد بیولوژیک مربوط به مالچ پلاستیک مشکی بود که با پلاستیک شفاف در یک گروه آماری قرار داشت.

نتیجهگیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد مالچ و تاریخ کاشت می‌تواند در بهبود خصوصیات کمی از قبیل عملکرد میوه، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد روغن کدو پوست کاغذی موثر باشد. به طور کلی، تیمار تاریخ کاشت اردیبهشت ماه و مالچ پلاستیک مشکی سبب افزایش میزان پارامترهای عملکرد و اجزاء عملکرد گیاه داروئی کدو پوست کاغذی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of mulch types and sowing date on morphological traits and yield of pumpkin Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca))

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yaghob Shamari 1
  • Shiva Khalesro 2
  • Gholamreza Heidari 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agroecology, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran,
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Medicinal plants are the suitable subject in transition from conventional agriculture to sustainable agriculture. Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca) is one of the most important medicinal plants. Seed oil of it are used to prevent and treat prostate cancer. Sowing date is one of the effective parameters on the yield and quality of medicinal plants. Also mulch application is one of the effective parameters to achieve ecological goals of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, purpose of this study is evaluation of mulch and sowing date on agronomical traits and yield of pumpkin.

Material and Methods: Factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications at research station of Kurdistan University during 2015 growing season. First factor was two sowing dates (20 May and 05 June) and second factor was five mulch types (transparent plastic mulch, black plastic mulch, straw mulch, live clover mulch and control treatment). Mesured traits were number of grain per fruit, number of fruit per plant, fruit diameter, fruit yield, 1000 seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and qualitative characteristics consisted of seed oil percentage and oil yield.

Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that different treatments of mulch had significant effect on grain per fruit, number of fruit per plant, fruit diameter, fruit yield, grain yield, biological yield and qualitative characteristics consisted of seed oil percentage and oil yield of pumpkin. Sowing date significantly increased number of fruit per plant, grain yield, seed oil percentage and seed oil yield. Mulch and sowing date interaction effects was significant for fruit number per plant, grain yield, seed oil percentage and oil yield, so that the highest values of these parameters (1.82 number, 112.2 g/m2, 40.02 percentage and 44.2 g/m2) were obtained in the June sowing date and the black plastic mulch and the least of them was belonged to the control treatment and June sowing date. The factors had no significant effect on 1000 seed weight. Also, the highest number of grain per fruit, fruit yield and biological yield related to black plastic mulch, which was in a statistical group with transparent plastic.

Conclosion: Results of this research revealed that sowing date and mulch application were effective on quantitative characteristics including fruit yield, seed yield and oil yield of pumpkin. In general, the date of May sowing date and black plastic mulch increased yield, yield components and qualitative traits of pumpkin.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pumpkin
  • Sustainable Agriculture
  • Medicinal Plants
  • Mulch

مراجع

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 27، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 117-131

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