بررسی اثر دو گونه جلبک‌ دریایی قرمز بر شاخص‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و عملکرد میوه خیار آب پران تحت تاثیر روش عصاره‌گیری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 نویسنده مسئول، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

4 گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه، تمایل فزاینده‌ای به استفاده از روشهای زراعی مانند محرکهای زیستی طبیعی وجود دارد که باعث بهبود عملکرد می‌شوند و هیچ تأثیر منفی بر کیفیت گیاه ندارند. چنین راهکاری نه‌تنها امکان افزایش تولید زیست توده را فراهم می‌کند، بلکه باعث ایجاد مقاومت طبیعی گیاهان و همچنین بهبود کیفیت مواد غذایی گیاهان می‌شود. محصولات با منشا طبیعی مانند عصاره جلبک دریایی به عنوان محرک رشد و نمو گیاهان زراعی و باغی استفاده می‌شود. عصاره‌ جلبک‌های دریایی حاوی طیف گسترده‌ای از مواد تقویت کننده رشد گیاهان مانند اکسین‌ها، سیتوکینین‌ها، بتائین‌ها، جیبرلین‌ها و مواد آلی و هچنین جمله اسیدهای آمینه، عناصر مغذی بزرگ و عناصر کمیاب هستند که عملکرد و کیفیت محصول را بهبود می‌بخشند. هدف ازانجام این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر روش‌های مختلف استخراج عصاره دو گونه جلبک دریایی قرمز Gracilaria corticata و Acanthophora spiciferais بر شاخص‌های رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و عملکردی خیار آب‌پران (Ecballium elaterium L.) بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش به صورت طرح کاملا تصادفی در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان در سال 1399 در چهار تکرار بر روی گیاه خیار آب‌پران (Ecballium elaterium L. ) انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل پنج روش استخراج (ME: عصاره استخراجی مایکروویو با حلال آبی، OE: عصاره استخراجی اتوکلاو با حلال آبی، BE: عصاره استخراج شده با روش جوشاندن با آب مقطر، NE: عصاره استخراج شده با ازت مایع، EE: عصاره خیسانده شده در اتانول) و یک نمونه شاهد (C: (محلول‌پاشی با آب مقطر) بود. در طول دور رشد تعداد برگ، تعداد گل نر و ماده و تعداد میوه‌ها اندازه‌گیری شد. در پایان دوره رشد تعداد شاخه جانبی، ارتفاع بوته و طول شاخه‌های جانبی، شاخص سطح کل برگ، وزن تر و خشک شاخساره، وزن تر و خشک میوه و عملکرد میوه، طول و قطر ریشه و انشعابات فرعی ریشه، حجم و سطح ریشه، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید، فنل کل و فلاونوئید کل آن اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثر محلول‌پاشی عصاره‌های جلبکی در همه صفات در سطح یک درصد معنی‌دار شد. تیمار گیاهان با عصاره‌ استخراج شده با حلال آبی در اتوکلاو باعث افزایش 6/43 درصد ارتفاع بوته، 4/59 درصد طول شاخه جانبی، 3/58 درصد وزن‌ تر شاخساره، 7/71 درصد وزن خشک شاخساره، 7/65 درصد تعداد گل نر، 5/39 درصد تعداد گل ماده، 6/41 درصد تعداد میوه، 2/20 درصد وزن تر میوه، 8/32 درصد وزن خشک میوه، 6/55 درصد عملکرد میوه، 5/70 درصد طول ریشه، 7/80 درصد حجم ریشه و 9/66 درصد فلاونوئید میوه نسبت به گیاهان شاهد شد. همچنین بیشترین شاخص سطح برگ با افزایش 9/42 و 5/41 درصد، قطر ریشه (57 و 4/53 درصد)، سطح ریشه (3/78 و 9/73 درصد)، کلروفیل کل (8/45 و 2/45 درصد)، کارتنوئید (3/69 و 71 درصد) و فنل کل (6/42 و 2/43 درصد) به ترتیب در گیاهان تیمار شده با عصاره حاصل از روش‌های اتوکلاو و مایکروویو نسبت به گیاهان شاهد مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج، همه روش‌های استخراج عصاره جلبک‌های قرمز تاثیر مثبت بر رشد،‌ صفات فیزیولوژیکی‌ و عملکرد میوه خیار آب‌‌پران داشتند. اما به طور کلی روش‌های جدیدتر (اتوکلاو، مایکروویو) نسبت به روش‌های سنتی (جوشاندن، ازت مایع، اتانول) تاثیر بهتری داشتند و عصاره حاصل از این روش‌ها، هورمون‌های رشد، ترکیبات آلی و عناصر غذایی بیشتری داشتند. بنابراین روش‌های اتوکلاو و مایکروویو جهت استخراج عصاره جلبک‌ها پیشنهاد می‌گردد. همچنین این نتایج نشان می‌دهند که جلبک‌های قرمز گراسیلاریا (Gracilaria corticata) و اکانتوفورا (Acanthophora spicifera) منطقه خلیج فارس اگر با روش صحیحی استخراج شوند می‌توانند یک کود زیستی مناسب برای تولید گیاهان باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation the effect of two red seaweed species on growth, physiological indices and fruit yield of Ecballium elaterium under the influence of extraction method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Saedi 1
  • Taher Barzegar 2
  • Jafar Nikbakht 3
  • Zahra Ghahremani 4
1 Ph.D. Student, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 Corresponding Author, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Dept. of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
4 Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and purpose: Today, there is a growing interest in using cultivation methods such as natural biostimulants, which improve yield without any negative effects on plant quality. Such a strategy allows for increasing biomass production, but also induces the natural resistance of plants, as well as improves nutraceutical quality of plant food. Products of natural origin, such as seaweed extract are used as a stimulator of the growth and development of agricultural and horticultural plants. Seaweed extracts contain a wide variety of plant growth-promoting substances such as auxins, cytokinins, betaines, gibberellins, and organic substances, including amino acids, macronutrients, and trace elements that improve crop yield and quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different extraction methods of two red seaweed species: Gracilaria corticata and Acanthophora spiciferais on growth, physiological indices and fruit yield of Ecballium elaterium.

Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with four replications in the research greenhouse of University of Zanjan during 2020 on growth and yield of Ecballium elaterium. Experimental treatments include 5 extraction methods (ME: microwave extract with aqueous solvent, OE: autoclave extract with aqueous solvent, BE: extract extracted by boiling with distilled water, NE: extract extracted with liquid nitrogen, EE: soaked extract in ethanol) and a control sample (C: (foliar application with distilled water)). During the growth cycle, the number of leaves, the number of male and female flowers and the number of fruits were measured. At the end of the growing season, number of lateral branches, plant height and lateral branch length, leaf area index, fresh and dry weight of shoots, fresh and dry weight of fruit and fruit yield, root length and diameter and root sub-branches, root volume and area, Total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total phenol and total flavonoids contents were measured.

Results: The results showed that foliar application of seaweed extracts had significant effects (P < 0.01) on all traits. The plants treated with extract extracted by aqueous solvent in autoclave method was increased 43.6% plant height, 59.4% lateral branch length, 58.3% shoot fresh weight, 71.7% shoot dry weight, 65.7% number of male flowers, 39.5% number of female flowers, 41.6% fruit number, 20.2% fruit fresh weight, 32.8% fruit dry weight, 55.6% fruit yield, 70.5% root length, 80.7% root volume and 66.9% flavonoids content compared to control plants. Also, the highest leaf area index with increasing 42.9 and 41.5%, root diameter (57 and 53.4%), root area (78.3 and 73.9%), total chlorophyll (45.8 and 45.2%), carotenoids (69.3 and 71%) and total phenol contents (42.6 and 43.2) was observed in plants treated with the extract resulted of autoclave and microwave method, respectively compared to control plants.


Conclusion: According to the results, all methods of extracting red seaweed extract had positive effect on the growth, physiological traits and fruit yield of watercress. But in general, newer methods (autoclave, microwave) had better effect than traditional methods (boiling, liquid nitrogen, and ethanol), and extracts of these methods had more growth hormones, organic compounds and nutrients. Therefore, autoclave and microwave methods are proposed to extract seaweed extract. These results showed that the red seaweed Gracilaria (Gracilaria corticata) and Acanthophora (Acanthophora spicifera) of the Persian Gulf region, if extracted properly, can be a suitable biofertilizer for plant production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Extraction Method
  • Female Flowers
  • Flavonoids
  • Fruit
  • Vegetative Growth

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پژوهش‌های تولید گیاهی
دوره 29، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 69-88

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